Dementia Weekly News

CANADA-ISRAEL PANEL ON GROUNDBREAKING BRAIN RESEARCH

Tue, 15 May 2012 11:41:42 -0400

Baycrest, the Ontario Brain Institute (OBI) and the Canadian-Israel Industrial R&D Foundation (CIIRDF) brought together leaders from across Ontario and Israel for the Canada-Israel Panel on Ground breaking Brain Research. The panelists included His Excellency Shimon Peres, President of Israel and five brain research experts from Ontario and Israel. The panelists discussed possible technology partnerships between innovators in Canada and Israel. The partnership would focus on technology and brain research with the hope of advancing diagnosis of treatment for neurological disorders such as strokes, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. One key theme that emerged was the importance of translating research into clinical applications to improve the lives of those with neurological conditions. His Excellency Shimon Peres, President of Israel said, "Today more than ever, we need to focus on how to best utilize existing resources rather than looking for new ones. The human brain is the best example. Deeper understanding of how the brain operates will enable us to better understand ourselves. I believe that in the next 10 years the world will witness a scientific revolution in the field of brain research and in that new world Canada and Israel should become scientific allies."

SCOTIABANK PRO-AM TOURNAMENT RAISES $2.3 MILLION

Tue, 15 May 2012 11:40:46 -0400

The annual Scotiabank Pro-am for Alzheimer’s disease raised an impressive $2.3 million for the Gordie & Colleen Howe Fund for Alzheimer’s disease. The money will go to help support the research efforts of academic health science centre Baycrest. Dr. William Reichman, President and CEO of Baycrest said, "for the seventh year in a row, Toronto's team captains, players and donors have made a truly incredible contribution -- one that is deeply appreciated by all of us at Baycrest, and by those affected by the disease. Proceeds will continue to support Baycrest's innovations in care and world-leading research in brain health." NHL alumni who came out to included Doug Gilmour and Lanny McDonald. The Scotiabank Pro-Am for Alzheimer’s is an annual hockey tournament that was first established in 2004.

ATLANTIC INSTITUTE ON AGING EXAMINES MUSIC THERAPY

Tue, 15 May 2012 11:39:36 -0400

The Atlantic Institute on Aging is examining the influence of personalized music for those living with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. In three New Brunswick long-term care facilities, a new pilot program called Well-Tuned has been launched. The Well-Tuned program is coordinated by collaborations between the Atlantic Institute on Aging and the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, and Music and Memory. According to prior research, music helps to stimulate areas of the brain impacted by a range of conditions including dementia, depression, and anxiety. As part of the Well-Tuned pilot study, participants residing in long term care facilities in Fredericton, Sackville, and Caraquet are provided with iPods and music from their youths. Results thus far indicate that the effects of the music intervention vary. According to Barbara Burnett, executive director of the Atlantic Institute on Aging, the music intervention helped reduce agitation in some individuals. The intervention helped one resident to eat where he would become very agitated and refused to eat before. Burnett says "I think the music gets to a core fibre - it’s a part of the brain that we probably don’t understand all that well." The project will continue for the next three to four months.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT INVESTS IN BRAIN RESEARCH

Tue, 8 May 2012 16:00:57 -0400

In an announcement last week, health minister Leona Aglukkaq shared federal government plans to invest $100 million in Canadian brain research. This new investment will go towards the establishment of the new Canadian Brain Research Fund. This new fund will match funding dollar-for-dollar donations to the Brain Canada Foundation. Funds will be raised by the Brain Canada Foundation through private donors and charitable contributions. This new funding commitment helps the Brain Canada Foundation to further neuroscientific research efforts to understand different disorders of the brain and uncover common mechanisms underlying brain and nervous system disorders.

IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED TO PREVENT ELDER ABUSE IN CANADA

Tue, 8 May 2012 16:00:23 -0400

According to a new report from the House of Commons committee on the status of women, the Canadian system aimed to help abused women is failing to help protect seniors from abuse. The committee is calling on the federal government to improve the system aimed at preventing elder abuse. According to the report, elder abuse is under-reported and often risk factors are unrecognized by service providers. Furthermore, the committee concludes that service providers are often unaware of how to act if they suspect elder abuse. In addition to awareness campaigns, the committee is calling on the federal government to provide stable and ongoing funding to elder abuse prevention.

EARLY RESEARCHER AWARDS IN ONTARIO

Tue, 8 May 2012 15:59:48 -0400

The Ontario provincial government announced 62 new recipients of the Early Researcher Award. The province is providing $8.68 in funding to help support excellence in research across Ontario. Among the recipients, researchers from University of Toronto and McMaster University were recognized for current projects investigating different aspects of Alzheimer’s disease. Lead researcher Dr. Rheinstadter of McMaster University received funding for the project titled Lost memories – can we turn back time in Alzheimer’s disease? As part of this research, Dr. Rheinstadter and colleagues hope to determine risk factors, such as cholesterol levels, for developing Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers from the University of Toronto received an award for their project titled Development of novel biosensors and therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease: from in vitro to in vivo. Lead researcher Dr. Kerman and colleagues will be investigating new biosensors, which may help in new drug discoveries.

MONTREAL RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY MEMORY BLUEPRINT

Tue, 8 May 2012 15:58:20 -0400

A team of Montreal researchers has identified what is being described as a blueprint for how memories are encoded in the brain. In an article published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers explained a new study investigating a molecule called CREB in the hippocampus of rats. According to the work, the CREB molecule is pivotal in memory formation. Prior research has shown that the hippocampus is a key brain area in memory formation. Lead researcher Jean-Claude Lacaille explains, "our paper looked at synapses - the site of communication between neurons - and the changes that occur at the synapses when memories are consolidated." Lacaille and his team created a cell model mimicking the memory consolidation process in the lab. While there is a lot of work to be done in expanding this blueprint, Alzheimer research advocates are hopeful that this research will fight against Alzheimer’s disease.

OLD AGE SECURITY CHANGES: NEW REPORT SUGGESTS PROBLEMS AHEAD

Mon, 30 Apr 2012 15:48:03 -0400

According to a new report released by the Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, the recent decision to change the eligibility requirements for old age security benefits puts Canadians at greater risk of falling into poverty as they get older. The report points out that changing the age of eligibility to 67 from 65 will mean that more Canadians who need the financial support will struggle to get by. CCPA research associate Angella MacEwen says "Choosing to work longer is one thing. But forcing Canadians without workplace pensions or large savings to work full-time past 65 is unfair, especially given the high probability that the jobs many are able to find will be part-time and low paid." The report offers a number of suggestions including more flexible work hours and arrangements, options to receive pension alongside wages as well as new training programs to help combat stereotypes about older workers.

COGNITIVE HEALTH TESTS IMPORTANT FOR CANADIANS

Mon, 30 Apr 2012 15:47:19 -0400

According to Dr. Konstantine Zakzanis of the University of Toronto, cognitive checkups are just as important as physical checkups for Canadians. According to Zakzanis, "as the focus shifts to preventative medicine in healthcare, cognitive testing is just as important as a physical, oral checkup or screen for diseases such as breast, prostate, or colon cancer." The impact of missing signs of cognitive impairment cannot be overstated; early diagnosis is key in many conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. To help promote mental health checks for Canadians, the Hemisphere Centre for Mental Health and Wellness encourages Canadians aged 10 and older to take a 15-minutes online screening tool to identify cognitive impairments. After the first 1000 Canadians take the BRAINscreen test, the Hemisphere Centre will donate $1,000 to the Alzheimer Society of Canada. The test is available at www.hcmh.ca.

WEIGHT TRAINING AND COGNITIVE HEALTH

Mon, 30 Apr 2012 15:46:38 -0400

New research out of the University of British Columbia suggests that for older women, engaging in strength training may help to boost mental functioning and avoid memory loss. While previous research has focused on the importance of aerobic training, the current research sheds light on the importance of strength training in preserving cognitive functioning. The researchers followed a group of women between the ages of 70 and 80 years old. The women in the study had complained of memory difficulties and were deemed to have probably mild cognitive impairment. For six months, the women in the study engaged in 60-minute exercise classes twice a week. Participants were assigned to one of three programs: a strength-training program, an outdoor walking program, or a toning and balance program. After the six month period, those who had participated in the strength training program showed significantly improved cognitive functioning. The researchers suggest that strength training activates certain parts of the brain not active in the other activities.

DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AN DEMENTIA

Tue, 24 Apr 2012 12:38:21 -0400

According to researchers at Rush University Medical Center, daily physical activity may lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and the accompanying cognitive decline. Physical activity does not need to be sport-related to benefit older adults; household chores such as cleaning and cooking have the same benefits. Researchers measured the daily physical activity of 716 community-dwelling older adults. Results revealed that those in the bottom 10 per cent of daily activity had over double (2.3 times) the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease when compared with those in the top 10 per cent in terms of daily activity.

NEW LICENSING SYSTEM FOR ONTARIO RETIREMENT HOMES

Tue, 24 Apr 2012 12:37:58 -0400

As of April 15th, a new licensing system for retirement homes across Ontario is in place. The Retirement Homes Act outlines a number of rules that retirement homes must abide by in order to operate in Ontario. The new system was set forth by the provincial Retirement Homes Regulatory Authority which was first created in January 2011. Since that time, the Retirement Homes Regulatory Authority has investigated 150 retirement homes across the province after received complaints. The new licensing system will help to identify and keep tabs on problematic operators of retirement homes. As part of obtaining a license, owners will be required to complete detailed information about the financial history, staff training programs, presence of safety procedures and patient care demands of their facilities. Most licenses will be issued by March 31, 2013.

HCC REPORT: SENIORS IN NEED, CAREGIVERS IN DISTRESS

Tue, 24 Apr 2012 12:36:32 -0400

A new report from the Health Council of Canada (HCC) addresses the key concerns and challenges regarding home care for seniors in Canada. According to the report, most Canadian seniors currently live at home and want to remain living at home as long as possible. A number of important findings also emerged regarding the home care landscape in the country. One key finding was that seniors with more complex health needs only received a few more hours weekly compared to those with moderate needs. Most Canadian seniors (41%) were coping with two or more chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Among the seniors with more complex needs, approximately 40 per cent were living with dementia; 41 per cent required help with bathing, eating, and toileting. The strain on family caregivers was also discussed in the report. As reported by council chairman Jack Kitts, "family caregivers of these high-needs seniors are stretched beyond their capacity, reporting high levels of stress, depression, and difficulties in continuing to provide care."
http://healthcouncilcanada.ca/tree/HCC_HomeCare_FA.pdf

IRON LEVELS AND DEMENTIA

Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:25:25 -0400

A new study led by researchers at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences reveals that reducing iron levels in blood plasma may protect against the brain changes related to Alzheimer’s disease. Using an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, researchers discovered that when consuming a diet high in cholesterol, the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques increased. Changes in tau proteins also occurred with the high cholesterol diet. As an intervention, researchers introduced an iron chelator called deferiprone. Consequently, iron levels in the blood reduced and levels of beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau in the brain returned back to normal. According to the researchers, this work highlights the role of metal ions as modulators in risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (in this case, a diet high in cholesterol).

NEW WEBSITE EXAMINES ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS

Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:24:54 -0400

A new website (www.cihi.ca) has been launched to make public clinical and financial performance in acute care hospitals across Canada. The site is part of the Canadian Hospital Reporting Project at the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). Featured on the new resource are findings that in 2010, acute care hospitals had fewer deaths after major surgery, heart attack and stroke; fewer readmissions after heart attack, stroke, and hip and knee surgery; and fewer in hospitals fractures when compared to rates in 2007. While this pattern in a positive one, important to note is the variation between individual hospitals. According John Wright, President and CEO of CIHI, this new resource allows hospitals to compare their performance to peers and learn from practices of other hospitals.

TIME FOR TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGE: RECOMMENDATIONS TO STRENGTHEN CARE

Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:24:26 -0400

The Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology has published a review that had been requested by the Minister of Health in December 2011. The review was requested to evaluate remaining work needed to achieve the goals set out in the 10-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care. The report titled Time for Transformative Change, highlights 46 recommendations to help improve the health care system for Canadians and meet the goals of the ten year plan. A number of recommendations focused on the need for clear targets, measurable goals, and better progress in terms of health care reforms. For example, the report highlights the need for clear targets and accountability strategies in reducing wait times across the country. The report also emphasized the importance of disease prevention and health promotion as a part of the integrated health system.

NEW WHO REPORT HILIGHTS THE NEED FOR A CANADIAN DEMENTIA PLAN

Mon, 16 Apr 2012 11:19:33 -0400

New data released by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) speaks to the global effects of dementia. The new report titled Dementia: A Public Health Priority, reveals that 7.7 million new cases of dementia arise worldwide every year. This is the equivalent of one new case every four seconds. In spite of these numbers, only eight of the WHO member countries have developed dementia plans. Canada is among the countries that have yet to start on the development of a complete dementia plan. According to Naguib Gouda, CEO of the Alzheimer Society of Canada, this report should serve as a wake-up call to the Canadian Government and highlight the need to develop a federal dementia plan.

BILINGUALISM AND DEMENTIA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Tue, 10 Apr 2012 16:50:59 -0400

A recent research review published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences concludes that bilingualism helps to protect the brain and may postpone signs of dementia. According to the reviewed studies, those who speak two languages have higher cognitive reserves as they age. Higher reserves protect against certain brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. According to lead author Ellen Bialystok of York University, the cognitive reserve can be understood as “a building up of resilience that comes from certain experience that allows you to cope” with brain changes. Bialystok further explains that this reserve enables people to continue functioning normally for longer. While acquiring a new language may be easier for children, Bialystok explains that it is never too late to learn a new language.

GRADUATED LICENSING FOR OLDER ADULTS

Tue, 10 Apr 2012 16:50:24 -0400

An editorial about the possibility of a graduated licensing system for Canadian seniors appeared in the Canadian Medical Association Journal this week. The article was written by Canadian medical doctors Donald Redelmeier and Matthew Stanbrook. The authors discuss 2009 data showing that drivers over the age of 65 made up the largest age group in deaths resulting from vehicle collisions. To help put the numbers into perspective, one adult over the age of 65 in Canada alone dies as a result of a vehicle accident each day of the year. The authors go on to suggest a graduated licensing system for older adults similar to the one currently in place for young drivers. Such a system would aim to prevent trauma by restricting driving in certain high risk scenarios, such as at night. Exemptions would have to be in place for those who are in good physical health.

ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AND HEART ATTACK RISKS IN THOSE WITH DEMENTIA)

Tue, 10 Apr 2012 16:49:30 -0400

Researchers out of the University of Montreal and Université Bordeaux Ségalen, France have published findings that antipsychotic drugs often prescribed to control symptoms like agitation and hallucinations in those with dementia may actually increase the risk for heart attacks. According to the researchers, the highest risk period was shortly after starting the antipsychotic drug treatment and decreased thereafter. In light of these findings, the authors suggest close patient monitoring after prescribing antipsychotics to older adults with dementia. The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

CHRONIC STRESS AND DEMENTIA

Thu, 5 Apr 2012 08:48:03 -0400

A recent study suggests that chronic stress may play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. This new work focuses on the development of Tau protein tangles that characterize the disease and how they might relate to the brain changes that occur during stress. To investigate, researchers induced a state of stress in a sample of mice and examined brain changes. Results revealed that the experience of stress increased the amounts of phosphorylated tau in the brains of mice. Tau protein phosphorylation is the first in a set of steps in created tau protein tangles in the brain. While acute stress causes the levels of phosphorylated tau to return to normal shortly after the experience of stress, prolonged stress resulted in increased levels for 24 hours after the end of the stress experience. The researchers looked into the brain changes of stress and uncovered a specific receptor site that may play a role in the increase phosphorylated tau after an experience of stress. It is important to note that this research is preliminary and much more work will be needed before any definite conclusions can be drawn about the role of chronic stress in development of Alzheimer’s disease.

WEALTHIER SENIORS TO PAY MORE

Thu, 5 Apr 2012 08:47:18 -0400

Changes to the Ontario Drug Benefit program have been proposed by the Liberals as part of the provincial budget. According to the proposed changes, Ontario’s wealthiest seniors (in the top five per cent in terms of income) would be required to pay more for medication. According to the proposed changes, single seniors with an income over $100,000 will pay a deductible of $100 plus three per cent of their income. For couples with an income above $160,000, the deductible will be $200 and three percent of the net family income. After the deductible, these individuals will continue with a co-payment of $6.11 per prescription. The budget also explained that incomes will be checked yearly. These changes will not impact those residing in long-term care facilities or receiving publicly funded home care. The proposed changes would take effect in August 2014.

ARCHITECTURE AND DEMENTIA CARE

Thu, 5 Apr 2012 08:46:49 -0400

A collaborative team of social work and architecture students and researchers out of Carleton University have created a new book outlining dementia-friendly designs. The team of researchers set out to uncover ways to update facilities to meet the needs of people living with dementia. The team worked with Cummer Lodge, a long-term care facility in Toronto, throughout the course of the project. As an outcome of the work, researchers created a book suggesting a number of design features. Suggestions included changes like incorporating wood ceilings to diffuse sounds, taller windows for more light and ventilation, and continuous handrails. The collaborative project is one example of interdisciplinary work being done to gain insight and improve the quality of dementia care in Canada.

ANTIOXIDANTS DO NOT IMPROVE FUNCTIONING FOR THOSE WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Mon, 26 Mar 2012 09:49:58 -0400

Antioxidants have been praised for promoting physical well-being in a number of different ways. However, according to a team of researchers from the University of California, antioxidants may not be beneficial for those living with Alzheimer’s disease. As part of a new study, Dr. Douglas Galasko and colleagues discovered that people living with Alzheimer’s disease who consumed an antioxidant rich supplement did not show improvements in condition. In fact, those who consumed the supplement actually performed worse on one of the tests. It is unknown whether this had to do with the antioxidant consumption or an extraneous cause. Prior research has found mixed results in terms of the cognitive benefits of antioxidant-rich diets. Results of the current study suggest that taking antioxidants after a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease does not improve cognitive functioning. This is not to say that antioxidants do not play a role in preventing the illness, Galasko notes.

A NEW MODEL OF PATIENT-BASED FUNDING IN ONTARIO

Mon, 26 Mar 2012 09:49:24 -0400

A new patient-based funding model will be phased into Ontario hospitals over the next three years. With this new patient-based funding model, hospital funding will be allocated based on the number of patients seen, the services they deliver, the quality of services, and other community needs. According to the McGuinty government, this new model will help ensure that tax-payer dollars are used efficiently and that shorter wait times, more services, and better quality care is consistent in hospitals throughout the province. This change is part of the provincial government’s Action Plan for Health Care.

HARPER GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS CLINICAL RESEARCH

Mon, 26 Mar 2012 09:48:47 -0400

The Government of Canada has announced a renewed partnership between The Canadian Institute of Health Research and Canada’s Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies to help support Canadian clinical research. The announcement was made by Minister of Health the Honourable Leona Aglukkaq. As part of the partnership, Canada’s Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies (Rx&D) will collaborate with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to help implement a national strategy for patient-oriented research. With this new initiative, measures will be taken to help ensure that research findings translate to improved patient care and clinical practice. As part of this partnership, companies will fund clinical research via peer-reviewed processes. Over the next five years, Rx&D vows to match CIHR investments dollar for dollar. In addition to the growth of funding, the new partnerships stand to bridge the gap between scientific research and clinical practice, improving healthcare advancements and ensuring the relevance of medical research.

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA

Mon, 26 Mar 2012 09:48:01 -0400

A team of researchers from the University of Alberta have made an important discovery that may explain how memories are encoded in the brain. Lead researcher Jack Tuszynski and colleagues examined the molecular mechanism behind memory formation. The team uncovered cytoskeletal brain structure components that fit together and are capable of retaining memories in the brain. According to Tuszynski, "this could open up amazing new possibilities of dealing with memory loss problems, interfacing our brains with hybrid devices to augment and ‘refresh’ our memories. More importantly, it could lead to new therapeutic and preventive ways of dealing with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s and dementia, whose incidence is growing very rapidly these days."

TOUGHER SENTENCING FOR PERPETRATORS OF ELDER ABUSE

Mon, 19 Mar 2012 10:48:45 -0400

Justice Minister Rob Nicholson and Minister of State for Seniors Alice Wong announced new legislation that would see tougher sentencing for those convicted of elder abuse. According to the amendment, age-related abuse would serve as a key factor in sentencing. These changes come after conservative promises to provide tougher sentencing during the last election campaign.

TORONTO-BASED FUNCTIONAL NEUROMODULATION LTD RECEIVES FUNDING

Mon, 19 Mar 2012 10:48:00 -0400

Toronto-based Functional Neuromodulation Ltd, a company specializing in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for people living with Alzheimer’s disease, announced an additional $3 million in funding. The new funding comes from Foundation Medical Partners and brings the total funding up to $13.4 million. Other funding contributors include Genesys Capital and Medtronic Inc. The money will help fund the second phase of a clinical trial using deep brain stimulation of the fornix (a bundle of connective fibres in the brain) for those with mild Alzheimer’s disease. The company has also submitted an Investigational Device Exemption application to the FDA in order to recruit participants from Canada and the U.S.

ONTARIO HEALTH STUDY UNDERWAY

Mon, 19 Mar 2012 10:47:12 -0400

The largest single health study in Canadian history is currently underway, with over 175,000 Ontarians taking part in the research effort. The Ontario Health Study aims to examine factors behind conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes to name a few. According to Professor Lyle Palmer (Executive Scientific Director of the OHS), the study is unique in the large diverse sample of participants. Researchers will be following participants throughout their lifespan. This will allow researchers to gain information about the development of disease over time. According to Palmer "we have exceeded our expectations, but the goal is to recruit one million Ontarians into the study. Simply put, the Ontario Health Study is big science capable of advancing scientific knowledge related to how people develop certain diseases, as well as what can be done to prevent them."

SFU TEAM DISCOVERS NEW COMPOUND

Mon, 19 Mar 2012 10:46:25 -0400

Researchers at Simon Fraser University have made a new discovery that may help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. A paper published in the latest edition of Nature Chemical Biology shared the research team’s findings about chemical compound that slows removal of sugar from tau proteins. The compound slowed down the formation of tau protein clumps and resulting neural damage. The compound was tested over an eight-month trial period with an animal model. Mice who received the compound showed slowed degeneration, with improved brain functioning, motor control, and less weight loss. Researchers concluded that more research will need to be done, but that this new compound holds promise for use in humans.

ONTARIO ALC UPDATE

Mon, 5 Mar 2012 09:26:27 -0500

A new report from the Ontario Hospital Association highlights the current wait times for alternative level of care (ALC) in the province. By incorporating new data from December 2011, the OHA presents an updated picture of the current state of affairs when it comes to alternative levels of care in Ontario. In December 2011, 3,933 beds were occupied by those requiring alternative levels of care. This is a decrease of 155 beds since October 2011. In the month of December alone, an average of 495 patients per day waiting in emergency departments across the province. This is a decrease of 114 since November 2011. The trend appears to be a decrease in the number of patients waiting for inpatient beds in ERs from 2008 to 2011. The Annul ER/ALC Conference is coming up on June 7 and 8, 2012. The conference will highlight innovating approaches to the ER and ALC situation in Ontario.

ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS

Mon, 5 Mar 2012 09:25:45 -0500

Minister of State for Seniors Honourable Alice Wong attended a round table discussion in Victoria, British Columbia this past week to discuss issues concerning seniors in Canada. The round table is part of a larger scale initiative to consult with Canadians about issues relevant to seniors. The event was hosted by the University of Victoria’s Centre on Aging. According to the Honourable Alice Wong, the Canadian government is committed to the well-being of Canadian seniors. As stated by the Honourable Alice Wong, "through these round tables, our government is engaging key stakeholders to discuss elder abuse and other important seniors-related issues."

CANADIAN SCIENTISTS DEVELOP A DRUG TO PROTECT THE BRAIN AFTER CANADIAN SCIENTISTS DEVELOP A DRUG TO PROTECT THE BRAIN AFTER STROKE

Mon, 5 Mar 2012 09:24:26 -0500

After years of work, researchers at the Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), Krembil Neuroscience Center have uncovered a new drug that helps protect the brain in the aftermath of a stroke. The new drug is known as a "neuroprotectant" and works to reduce the brain’s vulnerability to stroke damage. A recent study published this past week tested the drug with cynomolgus macaques who are genetically similar to humans. Results revealed that animals treated with the drug after a stroke had increased neurological function. Combining the drug with other therapies also showed improvements. More research will be needed, but this new drug holds promise for helping preserve cognitive function after a stroke.

IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

Mon, 5 Mar 2012 09:23:14 -0500

According to a team of McMaster researchers, an irregular heartbeat may increase the chance of developing cognitive impairments. Researchers analyzed a large collection of data from 40 different countries including 31,546 participants over the age of 55 and living with cardiovascular disease or diabetes and some form of organ damage. The researchers examined the relation between an irregular heartbeat and cognitive functioning two years later. Results revealed that participants with an irregular heartbeat showed a 34 per cent decline in cognitive functioning after the two year period. This was compared to a 26 per cent decline among participants who did not present with an irregular heartbeat two years earlier. Lead investigator Dr. Koon Teo said "this is important because our population is getting older, it’s a big shadow looming out there in the sense that we need to understand more about this so we can try to find treatments to avoid having this problem." The study was published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal this past week.

UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA RESEARCHERS LAUNCH PROJECTSMART

Mon, 27 Feb 2012 11:26:02 -0500

University of Victoria researchers are seeking volunteers to participate in a study titled "ProjectSMART". Participants will be divided into two randomly selected groups, with one group focusing on psycho-education (information on brain changes) and the other group focusing on mindfulness training. According to lead researcher Colette Smart, the use of meditation and mindfulness techniques has gained recent attention in the medical community. Smart explains that meditation has been shown to promote positive brain changes in both structure and function. Researchers at the University of Victoria hope that this new study will help researchers develop tests and measurements sensitive to early risk factors. The study is set to begin in April of this year.

A CALL FOR A NEW CANADIAN FUNDING STRUCTURE

Mon, 27 Feb 2012 11:25:20 -0500

University of British Columbia neurologist Dr. Patrick McGeer explains that while advances in understanding the basis of Alzheimer’s disease, progress is halted because the Canadian government has yet to create a mechanism to fund clinical trials of new drug treatments. Dr. McGeer expressed his concern during a symposium of the American Association or the Advancement of Science. According to McGeer, the pharmaceutical interest is not necessarily driven to pursue important therapies by funding trials. In order to improve the situation, McGeer believes the Canadian government should support new funding mechanisms. Specifically, McGeer recommends clinical trial set-asides within grants. Neuroscientists have attempted to engage in dialogue with the Canadian government, but as of yet have been unsuccessful in meeting with the Prime Minister to discuss the issue.

CHANGES PLANNED FOR ONTARIO DRIVERS

Mon, 27 Feb 2012 09:58:11 -0500

New rules for drivers living with dementia are set to be put in place within the year, according to Ontario transportation minister Bob Chiarelli. In an interview, Chiarelli explained that Ontario’s aging population has drawn attention to the issue of cognitively impaired driving among adults with dementia. The Ontario transportation ministry is considering a number of changes, including better training for family physicians on reporting patients who may not be fit to drive, more careful testing of senior drivers, and a form of graduated licensing for older adults. Ontario is one of the few areas in North America to not implement a graduated licensing system for seniors. The graduated licensing system may, for example, prevent certain individuals from driving at night or on 400-series highways. Whether or not Ontario will implement such a system remains to be seen and Chiarelli commented that there are pros and cons to such a system. The issue of cognitive impairment and driving among older adults has gained popular attention this past month; the Toronto Star has been running a series on drivers with cognitive impairments.

COGNITIVE STIMULATION BENEFICIAL

Tue, 21 Feb 2012 08:25:27 -0500

According to a systematic review of existing research, cognitive stimulation therapies are beneficial in boosting memory and cognition in people living with dementia. In addition, results revealed that cognitive stimulation therapies were associated with positive effects in terms of well-being. Cognitive stimulation includes activities that aim to stimulate cognition (thinking) and memory. The review included 15 randomised controlled studies with 718 participants with mild to moderate dementia. Cognitive stimulating activities included discussions, word games, music and baking. All activities were designed to encourage thinking and memory. Results revealed that the various activities were linked with higher scores of cognitive functioning tests as well as improved social interactions, communication and an improved quality of life based on self-reports.

BRITISH COLUMBIA SENIORS ACTION PLAN

Tue, 21 Feb 2012 08:24:31 -0500

British Columbia Health Minister Mike de Jong unveiled a new provincial action plan for British Columbia seniors. Minister de Jong explained that the government plans to take "concrete actions to improve the lives of seniors, their families, and their caregivers." Key priorities include ease of navigating the system for seniors and access to information and options. The government has also announced $15 million to be given to the United Way of the Lower Mainland to help expand home support services to seniors. The announcement came after Ombudsperson Kim Carter announced a system-wide review of seniors’ issues in August 2008. Carter’s resulting report includes 176 recommendations, drawing attention to the needs of British Columbian seniors.

GAIT IN MIDDLE AGE PREDICTS DEMENTIA

Tue, 21 Feb 2012 08:23:45 -0500

A new study suggests that the speed of a person’s gait in middle age may predict the chances of developing dementia later in life. Researchers recruited 2,410 participants in their mid-60s to participate in the study. Participants completed brain scans, walking speed, and grip strength tests. After 11 years, 34 individuals had developed dementia. Statistical tests revealed that a slower walking speed at Time 1 predicted the development of dementia at Time 2. Those with slower walking speed were 1.5 times more likely to develop dementia when compared to those with a higher walking speed. Results also revealed that lower gait was linked with lower cerebral brain volume and poorer performance on cognitive tests. This is not the first study to find a link between walking speed and health consequences. Prior studies showed that slow walking speed was associated with heart ailments and decreased life span. More research is needed to greater understand this relation and examine any potential third variables that may be causing both lower walking speed and later development of dementia.

OVEREATING AND MEMORY PROBLEM

Mon, 13 Feb 2012 13:02:40 -0500

For older adults, overeating may put a person at greater risk for memory impairments in addition to a host of other problems. A new study conducted with 1,200 people between ages 70 and 89 reveals that those who consumed closer to 6,000 calories a day had double the risk of mild cognitive impairments. Results showed that those who reported the highest daily calorie intake also had the highest rate of mild cognitive impairments. Researchers controlled for possible factors such as age, sex, education level, history of stroke, and depression. These results fit with previous studies linking risks to the heart such as obesity with risks to the brain. To help combat the dangers associated with overeating, researchers recommend moderate exercise and a moderate diet.

CANCER DRUG FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Mon, 13 Feb 2012 13:01:52 -0500

A landmark study has uncovered a surprising effect for a drug traditionally used to combat cancer. A team of researchers administered bexarotene to mice with an animal version of Alzheimer’s disease. Mouse brains contained the hallmark amyloid-beta plaques seen in humans with Alzheimer’s disease. After receiving the drug for several days, 75 per cent of the plaques had cleared from the mouse brains. In addition to this improvement in the presence of plaques, mice showed improved memory, cognitive functioning, social behaviors as well as improved sense of smell. Senior researcher Gary Landreth said "the remarkable thing is how efficient this drug is at removing amyloid from the brain." Researchers theorize that the drug has the observed effect by activating a gene responsible for increasing production of a protein called ApoE. This protein helps to remove amyloid deposits. It remains to be seen whether these effects hold true for humans. Future studies are already being planned by researchers.

NO CUTS TO OLD AGE SECURITY BENEFITS

Mon, 13 Feb 2012 13:01:07 -0500

According to a statement from Finance Minister Jim Flaherty, cuts to Old Age Security will not be occurring in the near future. The statement comes after opposition attacks in the Commons suggesting that the government was planning to reduce income support for Canadian seniors. While the exact changes to the OAS down the road remain unknown, concern was raised after Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated in a recent interview that the age of eligibility for income supplements could be raised to 67 years. Talks of changes to the OAS have augmented as the baby boom generation nears retirement. According to the chief actuary’s calculations, the financial cost of the OAS will rise from the current $36 billion to $108 billion by 2030.

CANADIANS PENSION AGE

Mon, 6 Feb 2012 10:04:28 -0500

According to a national survey by Ipsos Reid, three-quarters of Canadians do not support raising the age eligibility for Old Age Security (OAS) from 65 to 67 years of age. Women (81 per cent) were more likely to oppose the change compared to men (66 per cent). John Wright, senior vice president of Ipsos Reid said that the results indicate that a plan to raise the age of eligibility is obviously not unpopular with Canadians when considered "in black and white" As Wright points out, this could change if the Harper government did explain to Canadians the importance of changing the eligibility age. This poll was conducted in light of the Harper government’s recent announcement of plans to cut the cost to the public pension scheme. While the specific plans have not yet been announced, the Harper government says that any changes will not impact current seniors and those nearing retirement. The changes will be made to ensure sustainability of the public pension program. Without changes, the costs of the OAS system will go from the $36.5 billion in 2010 to $108 billion in 2030.

NEW FUNDING FOR BRAIN BANK

Mon, 6 Feb 2012 10:03:13 -0500

The Douglas Mental Health Institute, a Montreal based brain research laboratory, has a long history of cutting edge brain research. With close to 3,000 brains in its Brain Bank, the Douglas Mental Health Institute works to uncover genetic links to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and depression. As part of a commitment to support mental health research, Bell announced a $2 million donation for continued research activities associated with the Brain Bank. The donation is part of Bell’s "Let’s Talk" campaign to promote mental health research in Canada. Bell made a $20 commitment to mental health research in Quebec alone. Bell’s support of mental health research will also include a day dedicated to encouraging conversations about mental health in Canada. February 8th marks Bell’s Let’s Talk Day.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Mon, 6 Feb 2012 10:02:21 -0500

This past Tuesday the federal government pledged $67.5 million to help support what it calls "personalized medicine". The term personalized medicine refers to interventions and treatments that are tailored to the individual and based on a number of factors such as genetic and lifestyle variables. This new perspective in healthcare differs from the reactive "one-size-fits-all" reactive framework. a new personalized approach will help to save money, and undo suffering for people accessing care. Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq and Science Minister Gary Goodyear explained that these new funds will help develop treatments for things like cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and psychiatric disorders.

GROUNDBREAKING STUDIES UNCOVER HOW ALZHEIMER’S SPREADS IN THE BRAIN

Mon, 6 Feb 2012 10:01:15 -0500

According to two groundbreaking independent studies, Alzheimer’s disease spreads like a virus from one brain cell to another. Researchers out of Columbia and Harvard University studied animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and observed that damage in one area of mice’s brains spreads to other areas through a protein known as tau. Tau proteins have previously been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, though the exact function of tau in the spread of the disease was unknown. This new discovery may pave the way to new treatments and efforts to block the spread of tau proteins. One of the studies’ lead authors Karen Duff explains "it’s enlightening for us because it now provides a whole other area for potential therapeutic impact. It’s possible that you can identify the disease and intervene (with potential tau-blocking drugs) before the dementia actually sets in." While more work need to be done, these findings provide important new direction for future research.

BRAINSCREEN: A NEW DRIVER’S TEST

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:43:32 -0500

Professor Konstatine Zakzanis and colleagues at the University of Toronto and the Hemisphere Center for Mental Health & Wellness have developed a new 15 minute test to help measure driver’s cognitive abilities. The test can help point out cognitive risk factors due to a number of conditions including early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, post-concussive syndrome, attention deficit disorder and other conditions. The test is a simple computer-administered program called Brainscreen. The program measures a number of cognitive factors important to safe driving such as working memory, learning, retrieval, sustained and selective attention speed and accuracy, visual spatial skills, problem solving, reaction time, and information processing speed. Tests results are immediately available to the user. For more information, please visit http://hcmh.ca/index.html

CANADIAN RESEARCHERS DISCOVER DANGERS OF ER VISITS FOR SENIORS

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:42:49 -0500

A team of researchers from McGill University investigated the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections following a visit to the emergency department among older adults currently residing in long-term care facilities. Participants included 1269 residents of long-term care facilities, 424 of whom had visited the emergency department during the study period. Results of the study revealed that those who had visited the emergency room had a higher incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal. In fact, a visit to the emergency department was associated with a threefold increased risk of infection. Researchers concluded that extra risk should warrant extra precautions when residents of long-term care facilities visit to the emergency department.

MEN AT GREATER RISK FOR MEMORY LOSS

Mon, 30 Jan 2012 09:42:01 -0500

According to researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, men may be at a higher risk of mild memory impairments as they age compared to women. Findings published in a recent issue of Neurology shared results from a study of 1,450 people aged 70 to 89. Dr. R.O. Roberts and colleagues followed participants for 15 months. At the end of the study period, 72 per thousand men had developed memory impairments compared to 57 per thousand in women. Additionally, results revealed that those who were not married and had less education were more likely to develop memory loss. Dr. Roberts said "our study suggest that risk factors for mild cognitive impairments should be studied separately in men and women." In an editorial comment accompanying the article, by Dr. Kenneth Rockwood of the geriatric medicine research unit at Dalhousie University pointed out that in general men tolerate deficits less well than women.

CANADIANS WILLING TO HELP FUND DEMENTIA TREATMENT

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:55:36 -0500

McMaster University clinical epidemiology and biostatistics professor Mark Oremus led a team of researchers seeking to gauge the general public’s feelings about a hypothetical increase in taxes to fund medication for Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers interviewed 500 adults, asking opinions on tax increases for different types of medications to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Results revealed that 80 per cent of respondents supported at least one of the medication plans. Oremus shared these findings at a Guelph health symposium.

DEMENTIA AND DEPRESSION: A GENETIC LINK

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:54:59 -0500

Dementia researcher Darell Mousseau is investigating the possibility of a genetic link between Alzheimer’s disease and depression. The Saskatchewan researcher explains that his work is in an early stage, currently using cell cultures and animals. Thus far, Mousseau has found connections between proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease and proteins associated with depression. Understanding a link between Alzheimer’s disease and depression could help pave the way to early interventions.

ANTIDIPRESSANTS MAY PUT PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA AT GREATER RISK FOR FALLS

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:54:14 -0500

A new study out of the Netherlands reveals that SSRI antidepressants are associated with a greater risk for falls for people living with dementia living in long term care facilities. Researchers analyzed data collected between January 1 2006 and January 1 2008. Results revealed that the risk of falling was three times higher for individuals taking SSRIs than it was for those not taking antidepressants. The risk of injury from falls was even higher when individuals were also taking hypnotic or sedative drugs. The authors explain that "staff in residential homes are always concerned about reducing the chance of people falling and I think we should consider developing new treatment protocols that take into account the increased risk of falling that occurs when you give people SSRIs."

HALIFAX REGIONAL POLICE LAUNCH TRACKING PROGRAM

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:53:32 -0500

A new pilot project has been launched by Halifax Regional Police that aims to help prevent older adults with Alzheimer’s disease from wandering. The program is called Project S.O.F.T. (Satellite Option Finding Technology) Wear. According to Constable Matthew MacGillibray of the Halifax Regional Police training division, the program will help those who have known wandering behaviours or who are at a high risk for wandering. Participants in the program wear watch-like devices that provide tracking information using an internet mapping software. If a person goes missing, police will be able to locate the individual within three meters of his or her current position. The device also contains a SIM card to make or receive calls in the case of an emergency. Ten of these tracking devices were purchased with funding from the Nova Scotia Department of Seniors. The program is available to residents of Halifax, Dartmouth and Bedford. The program is free for participants and the pilot program is set to run for the next year.

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING ALZHEIMER’S EFFECTS

Tue, 24 Jan 2012 08:52:37 -0500

Scientists at the University of Calgary’s Hotchkiss Brain Institute have uncovered a new way that brain cells may die in Alzheimer’s disease. The research was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Lead researchers Gerald Zamponi and Peter Stys discovered that brain cell death is linked to a malfunctioning neurotransmitter receptor called NMDA. The researchers discovered that proper functioning of the receptor depends on copper regulation. In Alzheimer’s disease, copper is prevented from regulating the receptor. As a result, cells become over stimulated and eventually die. According to the researchers, this discovery may lead to new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Gerald Zamponi explains "we think we can design drugs that restore the normal function of the receptor, therefore protecting brain cells. It really gives you a new insight into a mechanism and really lays out a road map for developing new therapeutics." Development of a drug that acts on the NMDA receptor to mimic effects of copper in the brain is the next step in extending these finding, according to the researchers.

NICOTINE PATCHES: USEFUL FOR THOSE LIVING WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Mon, 16 Jan 2012 11:56:53 -0500

Nicotine patches traditionally used to help smokers kick the habit might help boost memory for those living with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. This conclusion comes out of a study at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville. Researchers followed the experiences of 74 adults living with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Half of the participants were given nicotine patches and the other half were given a placebo. Results revealed that after six months of the treatment, those with the nicotine patch regained 46 per cent of performance on long-term memory tests. The placebo group actually showed lessened performance, with a 26 per cent drop in performance scores. According to lead researcher Paul Newhouse, these findings may be explained by previous research indicating that nicotine stimulates brain receptors and may play a role in memory and thinking. While the long term effects are not known, Newhouse suggests that "this could be one part of a comprehensive treatment approach for Alzheimer’s disease."

HIGHER HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR THOSE WITH DEMENTIA

Mon, 16 Jan 2012 11:54:46 -0500

Findings of a longitudinal study conducted at the University of Washington reveal that dementia is linked to higher hospitalization rates in patients over the age of 65 and that many of the hospital admissions could have been avoided with improved outpatient care. According to the study, all-cause admissions rose 41% with dementia compared with other seniors in the same healthcare system. Preventable hospitalizations for issues such as urinary tract infections were 78% more common for those with dementia compared to healthy seniors. The most common preventable admissions were for bacterial pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and urinary tract infections. Lead author Elizabeth Phelan explained that these admissions are significant for people living with dementia. Complications that develop in the hospital can impair quality of life and cause prolonged hospitalizations. As Phelan explained, "if we could avoid hospitalizations for this population subgroup in the first place, patients would be better off." The study was conducted with 3,091 individuals living in a community of the Group Health Cooperative care system, who were 65 years of age or older, and who were screened for dementia every two. To rule out other causes of hospitalizations, the researchers controlled for access to healthcare, delayed diagnosis and living situation.

HEALTH CARE IN CANADA: A NEW REPORT

Mon, 16 Jan 2012 11:53:22 -0500

A report commissioned by the Health Action Lobby (HEAL) sheds light on the importance of a shared vision of health and health care, sustained leadership by the federal government, and action and accountability at the provincial level of health care. The report was prepared after interviews with senior thought leaders in the healthy system and a survey distributed to members of HEAL and the Canadian Health Leadership Network. The HEAL report contained 15 key findings. One of the main findings indicates that Canadian health leaders are planning for the increase in Canada’s seniors with additional attention to long-term home care and the extra strains of informal caregiving. Important issues highlighted in the report also include chronic disease management, home care and long-term care, access and wait times, and mental health. According to Karen Cohen, co-chair of HEAL and CEO of the Canadian Psychological Association, "the future of health and health care is certainly one of, and many would say the most important public policy issue facing federal, provincial and territorial governments. This report is intended to advance the necessary thinking and discussions to address the health challenges we are facing as a nation, and to inform the design and implementation of policies and programs that best meet the evolving health and health care needs of Canadians."

CHANGES TO CANADIAN PENSION PLAN

Mon, 9 Jan 2012 13:21:32 -0500

Changes to the Canadian Pension Plan taking effect January 1st allow people over the age of 60 an option the option of improving retirement incomes while working. Under the new changes, people who retire but continue to work will have to contribute to CPP until they are 65 years old. Prior to these changes, people who retired before 65 saw permanent reductions in their CPP benefits. If they did want to return to work, they would not pay CPP. The continued contributions will add to the life-long, indexed-to-inflation monthly pension amounts people receive. These changes have been met with mixed opinions. For example, early retirees who are now self-employed will have to pay both the employer and employee CPP contributions.

TRANS FAT FOODS AND BRAIN HEALTH

Mon, 9 Jan 2012 13:20:39 -0500

A new study published in the journal Neurology shows a possible link between fast food consumption and brain shrinkage linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers explain that trans fats or “partially hydrogenated oils” are most likely the culprit. Results of the investigation revealed that those who had trans fats in the brain, had smaller brain sizes, and displayed poorer memory, attention, language, and processing skills compared to those who did not have trans fats in their brains. On the other hand, individuals who had diets high in vitamins B, C, D, and E and rich in omega fatty acids had larger brains and performed better on executive function, planning abilities, problem solving, and multi-tasking. Researchers found that vitamins B, C, D, and E worked together to help boost brain volume and omega fatty acids were linked with greater functioning.

CANADIANS DELAYING DOCTOR VISITS AFTER SIGNS OF DEMENTIA

Mon, 9 Jan 2012 13:19:47 -0500

Canadians may be overlooking signs of early dementia, according to a survey released earlier this week by the Alzheimer Society of Canada. The survey was distributed to 1,000 caregivers of people living with Alzheimer’s disease. Survey results revealed that around half of respondents indicated that their loved ones had waited a year or longer after noticing symptoms before seeking medical advice. Of these individuals, 16 per cent waited more than two years before seeking medical advice. Results also revealed that the most common reason for the delay was the belief that symptoms were a sign of “old age” and would go away. An estimated 39 per cent said the symptoms were either episodic or were not serious enough to warrant a visit to the doctor. Three quarter or respondents indicated that they wished they had sought advice sooner. Caregivers indicated that an earlier diagnosis would have helped them put their legal and financial affairs in order, keep the person with dementia at home longer, and allow the individual to be more active in decision making. Better living and coping with the disease was attributed to early diagnosis for 69 per cent of respondents.

BRAIN FUNCTION LOSS BEGINS AT 45

Mon, 9 Jan 2012 13:16:34 -0500

According to a new study published online in the British Medical Journal, memory and other brain function loss can begin in individuals as young as 45 years of age. This goes against prior evidence suggesting that cognitive decline begins at 60 years of age. The 10-year study included 7,000 members of the British government and was led by Archana Singh-Manoux of the Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health in France and University College London. According to researchers, a modest cognitive decline between the ages of 45 and 49 was observed. Prior research would suggest that no such decline should occur. The average decline in older participants was greater however all decline was subject to individual variability. The variability in decline seems to occur at early ages as well. The researchers point out that most studies of cognitive decline and dementia focus on those over the age of 65. Results of this study suggest that examining the experiences of those as young as 45 may be important.

GENERATIONAL DIVIDE IN PUBLIC FUNDING OPINIONS

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 09:48:52 -0500

A new poll initiated my McAllister Opinion Research demonstrates that younger and older Canadians differ in how they think Canada’s wealth should be invested. The poll came after University of British Columbia Professor Paul Kershaw started a national dialogue titled Does Canada Work for All Generations? Results of the poll showed that a majority of Canadians agree that families today are more squeezed for time, income, and services than they were in the past. While younger adults and older adult agree that families are under more strain today, they differ in terms of how they think the Canadian government should respond. Poll results showed that Canadians aged 18-44 agreed that "greater share of wealth produced in Canada should be invested in the generation of families and children." Among Canadians aged 55 and older, 70 percent thought that seniors should be a high or a top priority. Only 28 percent of older adults thought that families with preschool aged children should be a priority. Kershaw commented, "Is there an intergenerational tension in Canada? You bet there is. Canadians 55+ acknowledge that the standard of living has deteriorated for the generation raising young kids. But knowing this obviously hasn’t changed their priorities."

WOMEN’S CIRCADINAN RHYTHMS AND DEMENTIA

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 09:47:56 -0500

According to a new study, women’s risk for developing dementia can be impacted by sleep/wake cycle and level of physical activity. Circadian rhythms, also known as the "body clock" signalling wake and sleep cycles, have been known to impact the brain and functioning for some time. Scientists from the California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute discovered that women with weaker circadian rhythms and were less physically active or active later in the day were at increased risk of developing dementia. Researchers analyzed data from 1,300 healthy women over the age of 75 followed for five years. At the end of the research period, 15 percent of the women had developed dementia and 24 percent had mild cognitive impairment. According to the researchers, "to our knowledge this is the first study to show such a strong connection between circadian activity rhythm and the subsequent development of dementia or MCI." While this research is correlational and does not indicate cause-and-effect, it expands our understanding of risk factors in the development of dementia.

KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION PUBLICATIONS

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 09:47:00 -0500

Knowledge translation (KT) efforts have served an important role in advancing mental health research, policy, and practice. A new research paper provides a "scoping review" of published KT efforts to help inform the development of a Knowledge Exchange Center initiated by the Mental Health Commission of Canada. As part of the literature review, researchers sought to identify trends in KT research. Researcher included 187 publications from a variety of fields. The majority of the KT research studies were conducted by Canadian researchers (42%). The review authors believed that this may be attributable to the importance of KT to Canadian research organizations such as the Canadian Health Services and Research Foundation. Most of the papers were discussion papers (59%) advocating the importance of KT in mental health services. There were also a number of applied qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method designs. On the whole, the majority of papers showed that carefully planned knowledge transfer work improved knowledge and practice care with mental health worth.
AUTHOR: Golder, Jeffries, Bilsker, Jenkins, Menear & Petermann (2011). Knowledge Translation in Mental Health: A Scoping Review. Healthcare Policy, 7(2), 83-120.

FAMILY CAREGIVER LEAVE ACT

Mon, 19 Dec 2011 09:46:18 -0500

The Ontario government has announced a new bill that aims to help family caregivers. Bill 30 has been names the Family Caregiver Leave Act (Employment Standards Amendment) 2011. Under Bill 30, employees caring for family members who have a "serious medical condition" would be allowed to take an unpaid leave of up to eight weeks. Employees would be able to take leave when caring for and supporting a spouse, a parent, a child, a grandparent, a sibling, a relative who is dependent on the employee or any individual prescribed under the regulations as a family member. Limitations on the leave include a maximum leave of eight weeks, a certificate from a health practitioner verifying the condition, and adequate communication with the employer regarding the leave. If Bill 30 is passed, family caregivers would be the sixth group to receive provisions of unpaid leave issued by the Ontario government in recent years. If it is passed, the bill would be an amendment to the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA).

PROPERTY TAX LAW FOR NEW BRUNSWICK SENIORS

Mon, 12 Dec 2011 12:58:07 -0500

New Brunswick finance minister Blaine Higgs announced a new property tax law last week that many believe goes against promises to freeze assessments for senior citizens. According to the new plan, seniors who are eligible will be able to defer paying property taxes for the time they own their home. Once the property is sold, however, seniors will have to pay deferred taxes with added interest. The accrued annual interest rate would be set at 3.25 per cent. For seniors with a taxable family income above $124,178, the annual interest rate would be 8.25 per cent. In September 2010, Conservative Premier David Alward made a set of commitments to seniors. These commitments included a pledge to freeze property tax assessment for homeowners over 65. Opposition leader Victor Boudreau says that the new plan does not live up to the promises. The deferral is not the permanent tax free promised earlier. Higgs explained that the new program would be evaluated in five years to determine its effectiveness.

A NEW VACCINE BREAKTHROUGH

Mon, 12 Dec 2011 12:57:11 -0500

A new vaccine to halt the progression of Alzheimer’s disease may be on the horizon. Researchers at the University of Sydney’s Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) have shown a successful animal study with a new vaccine targeting tau brain proteins. The vaccine was able to prevent ongoing formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of mice with Alzheimer’s disease. According to the lead author, "our study is the first to show that a vaccine targeting the tau protein can be effective once the disease has already set in." Researchers say that the vaccine has a preventative effect, slowing the development of future tangles. The mechanisms behind this effect will have to be explored further. As lead author Associate Professor Lars Ittner explains, "although we have a long way to go before the vaccine might be available for human use, these early results are very promising."

NEW TYPE OF COMPUTER GAME

Mon, 12 Dec 2011 12:56:23 -0500

Researchers out of McGill University are making video game playing a productive activity. A computer scientist, Jerome Waldispuhl and collaborate Mathieu Blanchette created a new game called Phylo that involves arranging sequences of coloured shapes representing human DNA. With every new sequence, researchers are able to examine possible genetic basis for diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and cancer. The game is currently online and has more than 17,000 people registered since its debut in November 2010. According to Waldispuhl, people are able to enjoy a game and contribute to science. The player’s game results are recorded and can be retrieved by the researchers. Thus far, researchers have gained over 350,000 solutions to the sequence from online users. Why not simply run a computer program to generate these combinations? According to the researchers, some calculations are more easily computed by the human brain such as reorganizing and sorting visual patterns. For more information on the game or to play online, please see http://phylo.cs.mcgill.ca/.

NEW RATES FOR CANADA PENSION PLAN AND OLD AGE SECURITY BENEFITS

Mon, 5 Dec 2011 09:54:38 -0500

The Human Resources and skills Development Canada announced increased rates for the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security (OAS) effective January 1st, 2012. The CPP benefits are set to increase by 2.8 percent for those already receiving benefits. For new recipients of CPP, the maximum retirement benefit will increase from $960 per month to $986.67. The basic OAS pension will increase by 0.4. The maximum basic OAS pension will increase from $537.97 to $540.12 per month. These increases reflect changes to the Consumer Price Index (CPI), a commonly used measure of the cost-of-living.

REPORT ON CANADIAN SENIORS

Mon, 5 Dec 2011 09:53:57 -0500

A new report released by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) sheds new light on the health care needs of the growing Canadian senior population. The report is titled Health Care in Canada, 2011: A Focus on Seniors and Aging. According to the report, Canadian seniors are living longer and healthier than before. They are also frequent users of the health care system, using 40% of hospital services in Canada and accounting for 45% of provincial and territorial government health spending. With the aging baby boom generation, understanding and targeting gaps in the health care system is an important priority. Data from the report shows that seniors spend more time in emergency departments when compared to younger Canadians. Additionally, seniors requiring alternative level of care were required to wait longer to be transferred to longer term care. According to the report, use of new and innovative technologies to help ensure that seniors are accessing appropriate care is a step forward. Additionally, emphasizing prevention and improving integration across the health care continuum will help prepare the system to meet the needs of an increased senior population in Canada.

DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Mon, 5 Dec 2011 09:51:35 -0500

According to Dr. Andres M. Lozano and his colleagues at the Toronto Western Hospital, applying electrical pulses to specific regions of the brain can reverse some of the damage cause by Alzheimer’s disease and may help improve cognitive functioning and memory. The team of researchers conducted a small safety trial using deep brain stimulation in six people living with Alzheimer’s disease across Ontario. The researchers applied deep brain stimulation to a part of the brain that sends messages to the hippocampus. The hippocampus is an area of particular importance in encoding memories and is an area that suffers damage in Alzheimer’s disease. As part of the procedure, small electrodes were implanted and electrical pulses were applied 130 times per second. According to researchers, a normal progress of Alzheimer’s disease would involve shrinkage of 5% on average per year of the hippocampus. After a year of receiving the electrode treatment, researchers found that four experienced the expected shrinkage, one experienced an increase in the size of the hippocampus by 5% and one experienced an increase of 8%. The two participants who showed an increase in hippocampus size also demonstrated improved cognitive functioning. Lozano told the press that they had never observed a growth in the hippocampus in individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease. These research results were presented at a Society for Neuroscience annual meeting in Washington DC.

ACCESS TO PENSIONS BENEFTIS SLOWED

Mon, 28 Nov 2011 09:41:05 -0500

A convoluted telephone system and under-resourced call centers may be acting as roadblocks for retired Canadians to receive money from the Canada Pension Plan and from Old Age Security and the Guaranteed Income Supplement. As it stands, any benefits requiring handling from staff are taking six to eight months to complete. This wait time exceeds Service Canada’s standards. According to Human Resources Minister Diane Finley, the HR Department is trying to move pension benefits to a computerized system. This would reduce the need for staff and improve wait times. Service Canada employees also point out that for people who do not speak English or French as a first language, it can be even more difficult to navigate through the complex phone system. According to Jean Crowder, HR critic for the NDP notes that "changes are they don’t have eight months of savings in the bank. You are putting people at risk here. Whether they have to borrow money from family and friends or whether they are having to go on social assistance, I don’t know how they are surviving."

NDP MP SPEAKS OUT

Mon, 28 Nov 2011 09:39:53 -0500

New Democrat Member of Parliament Claude Gravelle has introduced a private member’s bill calling for a national dementia strategy. A national strategy in dealing with dementia would entail increased research funding and income supplements for Canadians living with dementia and their caregivers. Bill C-356 calls for new incentives to promote dementia research, improve early diagnosis and treatment of dementia, establish guidelines, and attract doctors specializing in age-related chronic illnesses. The bill also calls for attention to the needs of caregivers of people living with dementia. Claude Gravelle is well acquainted with the challenges facing families with dementia. His mother was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease at the age of 63. Gravelle says, "it’s a big task taking care of somebody that has Alzheimer’s disease...we can’t afford not to do something."

NEW RESEARCH IN SASKATCHEWAN

Mon, 28 Nov 2011 09:39:01 -0500

The University of Saskatchewan has received funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the province of Saskatchewan to construct a new research lab dedicated to dementia and post-traumatic stress disorder in children. The Video Therapy Analysis Lab, also known as ViTAL, will allow researchers to utilize video conferencing in helping rural families dealing with dementia. According to researcher Megan O’Connell, the video conferencing will allow the team to develop interventions for families who would otherwise have difficulty accessing care. The ViTAL will be up and running in 2013.

CANADA HEALTH INFOWAY

Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:53:59 -0500

A new library of evidence-based information and clinical protocols will soon be created to help improve the quality of care for residents in long-term and complex continuing care facilities across Ontario. The library will be accessible on PatientOrderSets.com and will house a collection of checklists allowing healthcare professionals to easily detect the most effective method of treatment. The project will help to improve patient safety and quality of care, save clinician time and improve workflow, enhance communication between health care team members and reduce the demand on emergency departments. The project has been made possible by a $1 million investment from Canada Health Infoway and Trillium Heath Centre.

CANADA FAILING ITS VULNERABLE CITIZENS ACCORDING TO NEW REPORT

Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:53:08 -0500

According to an all-party parliamentary committee, Canada is failing to care for vulnerable older adults. The panel of MPs released a report titled "Not to Be Forgotten: Care of Vulnerable Canadians." In preparing the report, MPs spoke to hundreds of citizens, professionals, and stakeholders from across the country. Results of the report indicated that less than 30 per cent of dying Canadians has access to palliative care. Every year, approximately 10 per cent or more of senior citizens in Canada suffer physical, emotional, sexual, or financial abuse at the hands of relatives, neighbours, or caregivers. Additionally, the report revealed that 4,000 Canadians commit suicide every year. In light of these findings, the panel has called on the federal government to create and fund strategies for palliative care and suicide prevention. The panel also recommended an office under the minister of state for seniors specifically designed to address elder abuse awareness and prevention.

WHEN DEMENTIA IS IN THE HOUSE

Mon, 21 Nov 2011 14:52:08 -0500

Dr. Tiffany Chow of Baycrest Health Sciences Centre in Toronto has partnered with the Canadian Dementia Knowledge Translation Network (CDKTN) and Dalhousie University in leading a new project aimed at helping families with a loved one diagnosed with early-onset dementia. A new website titled "When Dementia is in the House" hopes to serve as an important resource for younger people who are "collateral damage to dementia" as explained by Dr. Chow. Alongside Hawaii-based writer Katherine Nichols, Dr. Chow wrote the content for the website. Nichols has experienced the impact of early-onset dementia; her husband was diagnosed when her two children were 10 and 12 years old. The website has sections for teenagers and healthy parents and aims to explore and explain emotional conflicts that accompany diagnosis and the many challenges of dementia. "When Dementia is in the House" is supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Institute of Aging and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care.

OTTAWA TO ALLOCATE FUNDS

Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:57:23 -0500

According to documents obtained by the Ottawa Citizen, the federal government is looking at ways to allocate funds to provinces with a higher proportion of older adults. A briefing note from the Finance Department reads, "The Canadian population is aging, with some populations aging more rapidly than others." The government examined one proposal that the federal government would allocate funds based on the province population’s age. As it stands, funds are allocated based on populations. If the Canada Health Transfer (CHT) formula were to change, provinces such as Alberta would receive less funding than they do now. According to official spokesman for the Finance Department, the work is ongoing and no official recommendations have been made.

NEW BRAIN SCAN

Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:56:51 -0500

A new brain scan technique may be capable of detecting Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with newfound accuracy. The technique has entered final clinical trial stages and could be in use by the end of 2012. A compound called Flutemetamol is being used in PET scans to detect the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain, which appear as a red glow on the scan. In the most recent phase of the study, 65 individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and other degenerative conditions were injected with Flutemetamol and underwent a PET scan. Results revealed a seven percent failure rate. This is a significant improvement over current methods of diagnosis. Any mistakes on the test were attributed to low levels of beta amyloid plaques. According to Dr. Francois Nicolas of GE Healthcar,e "what makes the results so revolutionary is that it makes both a correct and an earlier diagnosis possible for the first time. This could significantly increase the quality and even length of a patient’s life. Equally, those whose scan shows no signs of AD can be given the appropriate treatment they need too."

PSYCHOTHERAPY TECHNIQUE PROVES BENEFICIAL FOR CARE PARTNERS

Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:56:16 -0500

Families and care partners of those living with dementia face a number of challenges. According to a new empirical review, particular psychotherapy techniques can help caregivers relieve stress, anxiety and depression. A therapy technique known as cognitive reframing can help caregivers to manage stress and protect against the development of dementia. The psychotherapy approach focuses on "reframing" or challenging thoughts. Using this technique, caregivers are able to challenge their assumption and transform negative thoughts into productive and balanced thoughts. Reframing is normally done in a cognitive behavioural therapy session with a professional. Researchers found that caregivers undergoing a reframing therapy experienced fewer symptoms of stress and anxiety. According to the researchers, "when a caregiver is able to reframe self-defeating cognitions into more constructive reasoning, it is a major change."

LIFELINE REPORT ON AGING IN CANADA

Mon, 14 Nov 2011 10:55:43 -0500

According to a study called the Lifeline Report on Aging in Canada, Canadian seniors value their independence but may not be knowledgeable about how to access medical assistance in the case of an emergency. The report was conducted by Philips Lifeline, a Canadian medical alert and response service. The survey was distributed to 1,000 Canadians over the age of 73. Results revealed that seniors valued living independently. At the same time, they were unprepared in terms of fall prevention. Approximately 86 per cent of respondents counted on being able to reach the phone in case of a fall. In addition, 26 per cent said they did not know how long it would take for help to arrive. Four of ten respondents were unaware that falls are the most common cause of injury for seniors in Canada. Erik Sande, General Manager of Philips Home Monitoring said "our survey reveals that today’s Canadian seniors are practical, independent and open to change but also dangerously unaware that falls are one of the most serious health risks among their age group. We recommend they subscribe to a medical alert device, such as Lifeline. This simple, unobtrusive device enables seniors to live active, independent lives yet provides instant access to help in case of a fall and peace of mind to the subscribers and their families."

HEALTH SPENDING

Mon, 7 Nov 2011 10:17:17 -0500

According to a new report titled the National Health Expenditure Trends 1975 to 2011, spending on health care in Canada is expected to grow by more than $7 billion this year. The report was released by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). Growth in health care spending is actually slowing down, with an expected increase by 4% in 2011 which is the lowest annual growth rate in the last 15 years. The CIHI also released another important study titled Health Care Cost Drivers: The Facts. The report revealed that major cost drivers of public-sector health care spending included compensation of health professionals, increased use of services and a changing type of services provided and used. Results also revealed that the aging population was of modest importance relative to other drivers of costs in health care. According to Jean-Marie Berthelot, VP of Programs at CIHI "there is no doubt that as we grow older, we often need more health services and that this costs the health care system more money. However, while the Canadian population is aging, it is aging slowly as a whole. Over the past decade, the proportion of health dollars spent on seniors by provincial and territorial governments has remained relatively stable at 44%. This tells us that spending on seniors is not growing faster than spending for the population at large."

NEW SHOES TO PREVENT WANDERING

Mon, 7 Nov 2011 10:16:26 -0500

A new use of technology hopes to safeguard people living with dementia who may be prone to wandering. A newly marketed shoe with a built-in GPS system helps families of people living with dementia track their loved ones location if they go missing. According to the shoe manufacturer GTX Corp, the shoes will bring families "peace of mind" should a loved one go missing. The GPS tracking devise is able to locate an individual within 37 feet at any time using an internet program that can be downloaded by the users. The program can also be set so that families are notified if an individual wanders outside of a custom safety zone. The shoes have been certified by the Federal Communications Commission earlier this year.

DEMENTIA AND STROKE RECOVERY

Mon, 7 Nov 2011 10:15:41 -0500

According to a new study conducted by Dr. Gustavo Saposnik of the University of Toronto, people living with dementia differ from healthy older adults in the aftermath of stroke. Dr. Saposnik told Medscape Medical that according to the study, patients with pre-existing dementia had higher disability at discharge and were less likely to return home after discharge. Researchers analyzed data from the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network and examined 9304 cases of acute ischemic stroke. Of the 9304 individuals, 702 people were living with dementia. The individuals with dementia were older, had more severe strokes and were more likely to have atrial fibrillation. Results showed that those with pre-existing dementia had higher disability at discharge (odds ratio 3.20) and were 6 times more likely to be discharge to a long-term care facility (39% vs 3.87). A follow-up study is already underway.

CANADIAN BOOMERS WORRIED ABOUT SENIOR YEARS

Tue, 1 Nov 2011 10:04:03 -0400

According to a new poll, Canadian boomers are concerned about health care and important services as they age. Canadian research company Leger Marketing recently carried out a poll for retirement residence company Revera. Research results revealed that 82 per cent of boomers and 70 per cent of Canadians over 75 years feel that the Canadian society is not properly responding to the needs of older adults. Almost 40 per cent of seniors over 75 years are not confident that the health care system will meet their needs. Among boomers, confidence is even lower. CEO of Revera Jeff Lozon explains that now is the time for Canadians to start talking about "reimagine the future of seniors" and start devising a national strategy for seniors.

MINISTER OF STATE (SENIORS) SPEAKS AT ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF CARP

Tue, 1 Nov 2011 10:03:30 -0400

Minister of State (Seniors), the Honourable Alice Wong spoke at the Annual General Meeting of CARP last week to outline the Government’s commitment to supporting seniors. Minister Wong spoke specifically about two initiatives introduced last spring. The first initiative involves the introduction of a Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) top-up benefit aimed to help vulnerable seniors meet their needs. The $1.5 billion investment will be made over the next five years. The other commitment discussed by Minister Wong was tougher sentencing for those who abuse seniors. According to Minister Wong, the legislation is forthcoming.

CATARACT SURGERY BENEFICIAL FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Tue, 1 Nov 2011 10:02:46 -0400

Research conducted at Tenon Hospital in France reveals that patients with Alzheimer’s disease who underwent successful cataract surgery showed improved mood, cognition, and sleep patterns. Prior research has shown that poor vision is linked to impaired mood and cognitive functioning in older adults. Cataract surgery has been shown to improve the quality of life of older adults with vision problems. As part of the current study, Dr. Brigitte Girard studied the experiences of thirty-eight adults over the age of 85 living with Alzheimer’s disease after they underwent cataract surgery. According to follow-up assessment with a neuropsychologist, cognitive status and the ability to perceive, understand, and respond appropriately to surroundings showed improvement in 25 percent of patients. Additionally, depression scores improved in many individuals. Sleep patterns also improved, with behavioural agitation at night showing a decrease. According to Girard, "In future studies we intend to learn what factors, specifically, led to the positive effects we found, so that we can boost the quality of life for Alzheimer's patients, their families and caregivers."

EARLY HORMONE THERAPY

Tue, 1 Nov 2011 10:01:36 -0400

After a blockbuster study nearly a decade ago, the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been considered as a possible risk factor for later development of dementia. Almost ten years after the initial study, researchers and clinicians are saying that the concerns may be overblown. In speaking at the "Women in Mind" conference held in Ottawa, Dr. Pauline Maki of the University of Illinois explained that the timing and kind of hormone replacement therapy may play a part in the effects. Recent research indicates that the use of hormone replacement therapy early in the transition to menopause may be beneficial from a cognitive standpoint. Dr. Claudio Soares of McMaster University in Hamilton explains that there may be a "window of opportunity" with the use of hormone replacement therapy. According to Soares, "we cannot say that one size fits all, so it’s important that we start thinking about the critical timing in which to use estrogen, looking at different estrogen preparations and making decisions tailored to our patient’s needs."

CAMH OPENS NEW RESEARCH IMAGING CENTRE

Mon, 24 Oct 2011 10:01:56 -0400

The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) will open the first Research Imaging Centre of its kind in Canada. The Research Imaging Center will house equipment for positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic imaging. The facility will be dedicated to the study of addictions and mental illness from depression to Alzheimer’s disease. The range of equipment will help researchers to study neurological and mental disorders that impact brain functioning. This new center is part of the Research Renaissance Project at CAMH.

SENIOR CITIZENS AND ACTIVITY

Mon, 24 Oct 2011 10:01:09 -0400

Researchers out of the Healthy Exercise and Aging Lab in the Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention at the University of British Columbia are studying the importance of exercise for older adults. As we age, the researchers have discovered, daily activity tires muscles more rapidly leading to increased fatigue. Assistant professor Gareth Jones explains "this is why many older adults require home or assisted care, because these types of activities become too challenging, not because of chronic disease, but just lost physiological capacity." This physical capacity is not lost forever and can be retained with regular activity. Maintaining physical activity throughout the lifespan, researchers say, is very important. Researchers recommend 60 to 90 minutes of vigorous daily activity to retain fitness and remain more independent later in life.

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND DEPRESSION

Mon, 24 Oct 2011 10:00:22 -0400

According to clinical psychologist Nasreen Khatri of Baycrest Aging Centre, those who experience depression are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease later in life. Dr Khatri, speaking at an ageing and memory conference in Toronto, explained that those who experience bouts of depression may be at nearly double the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, women who may be more prone to depression face an increased risk of dementia. With the increased risk of dementia, Dr. Khatri encourages people to seek timely treatment for depression. Treatment options for depression include cognitive behavioural therapy and medications. As Baycrest psychiatrist David Conn explained to the Canadian Press, promoting mood-enhancing activities and maintaining mental health the lifetime is important for many facets of well-being.

THE 6th CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON DEMENTIA

Mon, 17 Oct 2011 21:36:17 -0400

The 6th Canadian Conference on Dementia will be taking place on October 27-29th at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Montreal, Quebec. A highlight of this year’s event is a symposium on the new diagnostic criteria in dementia. Dr. William Jagust will discuss new diagnostic criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dr. Reisa Sperling will discuss Pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease, and Dr. Howard Chertkow will be discussing the new diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease. Additional presentations will cover therapy and treatment considerations for the future and dementia in the aging population. The CCD is sponsored by the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (CAGP), the Canadian Dementia Knowledge Transfer Network (CDKNT), the Canadian Neurological Society (CNS), the Canadian Geriatric Society (CGS), the Consortium of Canadian Centres for Clinical Cognitive Research (C5R), and the Alzheimer Society of Canada. For more information on the upcoming event, please visit: http://www.canadianconferenceondementia.com/.

MENTAL HEALTH COMMISION OF CANADA RELEASES GUIDELINES FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR OLDER ADULTS

Mon, 17 Oct 2011 21:34:42 -0400

At the annual scientific meeting of the Canadian Academy of Geriatric Psychiatry (CAGP) held in Vancouver, the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) unveiled new guidelines to help improve mental health care for seniors in Canada. The guidelines include ten recommendations to help address the mental health needs of seniors living in Canada. Recommendations include: understanding local context and resources, developing policies using the Seniors Policy Lens Toolkit, mental health promotion, prevention strategies, recovery and well-being for all, collaboration for an accessible range of services, benchmarks for specialized services, cultural safety and diversity, caregivers as active partners, and education and training.

TORONTO RESEARCHERS FIND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE BENEFIT OF BILINGUALISM

Mon, 17 Oct 2011 21:32:33 -0400

A team of Toronto researchers has found the first physical evidence that bilingualism helps to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have obtained observational data pointing to a link between bilingualism and delayed the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Up until now, however, physical evidence for the link has been lacking. In the current study, researchers at St. Michael’s Hospital found that those who were bilingual had twice as much brain damage but the same level of symptoms as those who were unilingual. In other words, when exhibiting the same symptoms as those who were unilingual, bilingual participants had double the amount of brain damage. Researchers examined CT scans of those with probable Alzheimer’s disease. To help rule out alternative explanations, participants were selected who had similar education and cognitive skills. Dr. Tom Schweizer, the lead researcher, said "this is unheard of - no medicine comes close to delaying the onset of symptoms and now we have the evidence to prove this at the neuroanatomical level." The researchers speculate that those who are bilingual have greater cognitive fitness and overall brain health from switching between the two languages. The findings of this research are particularly important in Canada, according to Dr. Schweizer, as an officially bilingual country. Taking this research further would mean investigating a larger sample over a longer time span with more sophisticated MRIs.

POOR SELF-RATED HEALTH LINKED TO DEMENTIA

Wed, 12 Oct 2011 13:06:33 -0400

According to a team of researchers in France, older adults aged 65 and older who rated their own health as poor were 70 per cent more likely to develop dementia compared to those who reported they were healthy. Researcher Christophe Tzourio, MD, PhD at the University of Bordeaux explained that people did not report memory troubles, but appeared to be aware that "something is happening in their brain or their bodies that is not right." Researchers followed a group of 8,169 individuals living in France for approximately seven years. Among people without any memory problems, poor self-rated health was an especially powerful predictor of dementia risk. Researchers speculate that people may be noting changes not picked up in the clinical diagnosis. Those reporting poor self-health may have difficulties participating in social and physical activities. Paying attention to lowered self-reported health may be important for clinicians looking to diagnose dementia.

CANADA’S STANDING IN PATIENT ENGAGEMENT

Wed, 12 Oct 2011 13:05:18 -0400

The Health Council of Canada has released a new report examining how engaged Canadians are in their primary care. The report examines data from the 2010 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey. As summarized in the report, Canada falls in the middle of the 10 other countries taking part in the survey in terms of patient engagement. According to the survey, 48 per cent of Canadians reported feeling involved and actively engaged in their own health care. Engagement was assessed from citizen ratings of access, affordability, timeliness, and coordination of care. Those who did consider themselves engaged in their own care also reported higher satisfaction with their care. Engaged Canadians were also more likely to take initiative in participating in disease prevention, screening, and health promoting activities. A major barrier to engagement, according to the survey, was time. Limited time with doctors can leave individuals feeling rushed and not fully engaged in their own care. Also included in the report are tips for physicians to help promote patient engagement. Structural recommendations for governments and policy makers are also part of the report.

TORONTO RESEARCHERS SHED LIGHT ON UNDETECTED STROKES AND BRAIN DAMAGE

Wed, 12 Oct 2011 13:04:07 -0400

Dr. Sandra Black, director of the Brain Research Program at Sunnybrook Research Institute at the University of Toronto, explains that according to recent imaging studies, 95 per cent of individuals aged 65 and older show small vessel disease on brain scans. The small vessel disease appears as white spots and patches on magnetic resonance images. Dr. Black presented preliminary findings of the Canadian PURE MIND study at the Canadian Stroke Congress in Ottawa. Results of the study revealed that a quarter of healthy older adults (average age of 70) living in the community exhibit signs of small silent strokes. According to researchers, the accumulation of this small vessel disease increases risk of clinical stroke events, depression, falls and Alzheimer’s disease. As explained by Dr. Black, "Stroke is adding to the increasing incidence of dementia: 65 per cent of stroke patients experience difficulty with thinking, memory, goal setting and motivation after a stroke and 20 to 30 per cent become clinically demented within three months post-stroke." The researchers stress the importance of preventative measures such as regular aerobic exercise to help protect brain blood vessels and protect against later development of dementia.

DECISION MAKING AND DEMENTIA

Mon, 3 Oct 2011 16:38:03 -0400

Research funded by the Economic and Social Research Council sheds some new light on decision making in couples facing dementia. Dr. Geraldine Boyle and Dr. Katherine Ludwin from Bradford University and Dr. Lorna Warren from the University of Sheffield set out to investigate the daily decision making performed by couples living with dementia. The hope was to identify supports and successful practices in navigating a range of decisions at different stages of dementia. A number of interesting preliminary findings have emerged. Results revealed that patterns of decision-making prior to the diagnosis of dementia predicted decision making patterns after diagnosis. In other words, the partner who took the lead prior to diagnosis will continue to do so as long as possible. Gender appeared to have an important impact on decision making, with men being more likely to take the decision making lead after they have been diagnosed if they have always taken that role. Results revealed that being involved in decision making was important for the person living with dementia. Spouses of people living with dementia may take over decisions that may be causing undue anxiety, but work to keep the person living with dementia involved and engaged. The researchers concluded that people with dementia may need encouragement and may communicate differently depending on the stage of their illness, but benefit from staying engaged in decision making.

DECREASING SODIUM INTAKE IN LONG TERM CARE

Mon, 3 Oct 2011 16:37:19 -0400

The Baycrest Center for Geriatric Care is taking the benefits of sodium reduction seriously. According to food and nutritional services manager Janet Vercillo, educating residents and families about the dangers of a high-sodium diet is important. A recent study led by Baycrest and an educational teaching hospital in Toronto indicated that a sodium-reduced diet and physical activity lessen the risk of cognitive impairments in older adults. The link between sodium intake and cognitive health is only recently gaining attention. To help make sodium reduced diets accessible to residents, Vercillo explains that the food and nutrition department is working to change menus and provide more low sodium options to residents.

NEW FUNDS FOR NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH

Mon, 3 Oct 2011 16:37:07 -0400

In an announcement on September 29th 2011, The Honourable Leona Aglukkaq, Minister of Health, and Alice Wong, Minister of State (Seniors), revealed that the Government of Canada will be investing $6 million in neurological research. The money will go towards ten new research projects studying neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and neuromuscular conditions. The projects are all being implemented by the Public Health Agency of Canada in collaboration with Neurological Health Charities Canada (NHCC). The $6 million investment is part of a larger $15 million for the National Population Health Study of Neurological Conditions. As explained by Minister Wong, "Upon the completion of the National Population Health Study in 2013, we will have new critical information to further assist governments, neurological health charities, caregivers and those living with neurological conditions. We look forward to using this information in determining priorities going forward."

NEW GUIDELINES FOR PATHOLOGISTS

Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:57:14 -0400

According to new guidelines, pathologists are urged to look for signs of Alzheimer’s disease in the brains of deceased patients, even if the individual did not have disease symptoms or a diagnosis of the disease. In other words, families may be told that their loved one had Alzheimer’s disease only after their death. This new recommendation means that pathologists should be looking for hallmarks of the illness as routine checks. The recommendations were developed by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association. The new guidelines reflect research indicating that changes due to Alzheimer’s disease can be detected in the brain long before symptoms appear. The changes will be reviewed and edited in the next month.

THE BENEFITS OF LAUGHTER

Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:56:03 -0400

The saying ‘laugher is the best medicine’, may have some truth according to a unique dementia research project. The Sydney Multisite Intervention of LaughterBosses and Elder Clowns (SMILE) uses humor therapy to improve the lives of people living with dementia. The intervention reduced agitation by 20 per cent (using the Cohen-Mansfield agitation scale). The project was started by Jean-Paul Bell and Dr. Peter Spitzer, founders of an organization providing humour therapy for sick children. The project was supported by the Dementia Collaborative Research Center and was based at the University of South Wales. As explained by lead investigator Dr. Lee-Fay Low, "The 12-week intervention really got them ‘out of themselves’ - to speak quite clearly and build relationships - and it proved [to me] that when you have dementia, you don’t lose everything. You lose some things but what you do have left is capable of learning, growing and adapting. The mind is an incredibly flexible tool, even when under assault from dementia or Alzheimer’s disease." In addition to reduced agitation, those who were part of the intervention showed increased happiness, positive behaviours, and involvement with others. It appears that the use of humour therapy for older adults living with dementia may be an effective tool.

BRAIN CELL REGENERATION AND RESTORED MEMORY

Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:55:08 -0400

Results from research conducted at The Hospital for Sick Children and the University Health Network suggest that brain cell regeneration may be possible. Previously research indicated that once lost, it was impossible to regenerate brain cells. The current research led by Dr. Andres Lozano, set out to examine deep brain stimulation and the impact it has on the production of new neurons and memory formation. Researchers implanted electrodes in the brains of animal models and stimulated the electrodes. Results revealed that after electrode stimulation, the neuron production nearly doubled in the surrounding area of the brain. After stimulation, the new neurons functioned normally. Researchers discovered that the animals showed improved spatial memory performance on subsequent tasks six weeks after the treatment. As summarized by the authors, "these findings are important to basic neuroscience in that they indicate that these new neurons produced by stimulation are integrated into the existing brain circuits and function normally alongside their older counterparts. This could be akin to adding RAM to your computer to expand its memory."

NEW STUDY LOOKS AT PREVENTATIVE MEASURES

Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:54:05 -0400

Researchers at the Montreal based Douglas Mental Health University Institute are launching a new epidemiological study to look at prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. As explained by lead investigator Dr. John Breitner, as far as the researchers know this if the first study of its kind worldwide. Researchers will follow participants at risk of developing the disease over ten years to examine effective methods of preventing Alzheimer’s disease. Healthy adults aged 60 years and older with a family history of Alzheimer’s disease will be invited to participate in the study. For the ten years of the study, researchers will use brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis to detect brain changes. Participants will be assigned to one of five preventative measures: anti-inflammatory medications, insulin, physical activity, the Mediterranean diet, and drugs to stimulate the production of a protein relate to the apoE gene. As explained by researcher Dr. Poirier, "what we will be doing is similar to the work done on preventing heart disease, that is, to intervene before the damage is done." If you are interested in participating in this study and think you meet the selection criteria, call Toll free number : 1 855 888-4485 or visit www.prevent-alzheimer.ca for more information.

UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA RESEARCHERS DISCOVER MORE ABOUT ALS

Mon, 19 Sep 2011 08:51:40 -0400

Researchers of the University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry have discovered that amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, causes damage to areas of the brain responsible for cognition and behaviour. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease, with approximately 50 per cent of persons living with the illness showing cognitive and behavioural changes. In between five and 15 per cent of cases, severe cognitive changes result in a diagnosis of dementia. As explained by Sanjay Kalra, the principal investigator, "ALS was previously thought to be a disease restricted to the motor system causing only weakness." Kalra and colleagues used MRI technology to examine levels of different chemicals in the brain. They discovered that levels of a neuromarker called NAA decreased in regions of the brain associated with motor activities and also areas of the brain responsible for cognition and behaviour. The decrease of NAA signals that the surrounding neurons have either died or are not working. Further research tracking changes using MRI technology is a next step for Kalra and colleagues.

NEW MODEL OF LONG TERM CARE BETTER FOR PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA

Mon, 19 Sep 2011 08:50:42 -0400

According to research recently published in the Journal of Clinical Nursing, people living with dementia benefit from small group homes as opposed to larger facilities. Researchers found that smaller facilities provided a more comfortable, domestic environment and allowed relatives of persons living with dementia to be more involved in their care. Smaller group homes have started to be established in the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, and Japan. The smaller living units studied in this research were situated in the Netherlands. The homes were set up with a communal living room and kitchen. Residents either had a private room or shared rooms. The rooms were decorated in a way that mimicked a regular house. All residents were provided around-the-clock care and depending on their individual abilities, assisted with household duties and daily activities. Interviews with residents and family members revealed that the small group environment helped enhance comfort among residents and provided individuals with stability and clarity. In addition, residents felt more supported in maintenance of their individuality. Lead researcher van Zadelhoff explained, "The findings of our study indicate that the key to providing person-centered care for people with dementia is to enable people to be themselves and live in an environment where they and their families can get involved in normal daily activities." The model is still in its infancy, but may prove to be the way forward in providing supportive and person-centered care.

MISSED DIAGNOSIS

Mon, 19 Sep 2011 08:48:17 -0400

According to a new report release this week, an estimated 28 million of the approximately 36 million people living with Alzheimer’s and other form of dementia have not been properly diagnosed. The study was sponsored in part by Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI). Lead investigator Martin Prince of King’s College in London explains, early diagnosis is clearly something that needs to be prioritized. Early diagnosis would help in the testing of medications to help treat symptoms of the disease; researchers believe that drugs have the strongest chance of benefiting the person living with dementia when delivered early in the progression of the illness. According to Marc Wortmann, executive director of the ADI, "earlier diagnosis can also transform the design and execution of clinical trials to test new treatments."

BENEFICIAL MEDITATION

Mon, 19 Sep 2011 08:47:18 -0400

A study published in the September/October issue of the American Journal of Health Promotion highlights the health benefits of stress reducing with meditation. Results of the study revealed that individuals with highest medical expenditures experienced a 28 percent decrease in medical care expenditures after five years of practicing Transcendental Meditation (TM). Participants included 284 individuals described as high consumers of medical services in Quebec, Canada. Prior research has shown that in terms of medical costs, the highest 25 percent of seniors made up 85 percent of total expenses. Participants were divided into those practicing Transcendental Meditation and non-practitioners. Prior to the meditation intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups. After the five year period, those assigned to the meditation condition showed a significant reduction in medical costs. No such effect was observed in the group of individuals who did not engage in meditation. The paper’s author Robert E. Herron said "Almost no intervention for cost containment has decreased medical expenditures by 28 percent over five years from a baseline. Now, it may be possible to rescue Medicare and Medicaid by adding coverage for learning the Transcendental Meditation technique."
Nauert PhD, R. (2011). Meditation Can Reduce Health Care Costs. Psych Central

CANADIAN PEDIATRIC SOCIETY SPEAKS OUT AGAINST YOUTH BOXING

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 09:56:39 -0400

The Canadian Pediatric Society and the American Academy of Pediatrics are speaking out against a sport that poses a serious threat to brain health in youth. Claire LeBlanc, Chair of the Canadian Paediatric Society Healthy Active Living and Sports Medicine Committee said "We want children and teens to actively pursue sport and recreation, but boxing is not a good option. We recommend young people participate in sports where the prime focus is not deliberate blows to the head." For children, the damage of concussions is a serious concern. Concussions sustained during childhood take longer to heal. Repeated concussions place children at greater risk for later development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a progressive disease with many of the same symptoms associated with dementia.

GAP BETWEEN RHETORIC AND REALITY: IS CANADA’S AGING POPULATION STRAINING THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM?

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 09:51:28 -0400

New research out of British Columbia provides evidence against the widely held belief that the sustainability of the healthcare system is under threat with the aging of the Canadian population. Researchers used population-based administrative data in order to gauge trends and expenditures in hospital and therapeutic care in British Columbia. Changes in inflation-corrected expenditures per capita between 1996 and 2006 were modeled as a function of population aging and changes in age-specific mortality rates. Results revealed that population aging was responsible for less than 1% per year of spending on medical, hospital, and therapeutic care. Given these results, the authors forecasted that through 2036, the future influence of population aging on healthcare expenditures will continue to be modest. This evidence differs from prior work suggested that the costs associated with healthcare will indeed increase with population aging.

ROUTINE CHORES MAY PROTECT COGNITIVE HEALTH

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 09:50:08 -0400

While taking out the trash, folding laundry, and mowing the lawn are not the most amusing of activities, research suggests that they may help to guard against dementia. According to Todd Manini of the University of Florida, Gainesville, daily chores have been overlooked in the past as forms of exercise that may produce health benefits. In the current study, researchers tracked the daily calories burned among a sample of older adults over a two week period. Participants included approximately 200 older adults with an average age of 75. For each participant, researchers calculated the amount of energy used daily minus the amount required for body needs at rest. Results revealed that the most active participants were 91 percent less likely to show memory declines and declines in concentration and language over the next five years. Those in the middle range of energy expenditure were less likely to experience mental declines when compared to the least active group. In looking at how exactly the older adults were expending energy, results revealed that those burning the most calories were not more likely to say they did vigorous exercise. Those who burned the most energy reported doing more walking, caregiving, and volunteering. In general, those who were most active reported doing more stair climbing and movement in general. Results of this study suggest that the known benefits of activity in preserving mental functions are not limited to specific exercise. Movement in general, provides benefits.

UBC RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY GENE MUTATION

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 09:48:55 -0400

A team of researchers at the University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute has discovered a new gene mutation linked to the Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease marked by the accumulation of "Lewy bodies", or proteins that have been discarded but remain trapped in brain cells. The genetic mutation was found at a location which regulates a mechanism for converting the genetic code into proteins. The converted protein regulates the recycling of cell components. According to researchers, this provides a link to Parkinson’s disease; the trapped cells may be due to the genetic mutation. Matthew Farrer, professor in the Department of Medical Genetics and Canada Excellence Research Chair in Neurogenetics and Translational Neuroscience at UBC says, "this discovery provides direct evidence that Parkinson’s may result from gene-environmental interactions. The resulting impairment highlights neuronal recycling systems as a focal point in the effort to develop more effective drugs."

MCI A STRONGER PREDICTOR THAN BIOMARKERS

Tue, 6 Sep 2011 10:39:18 -0400

A new study conducted by Spanish researchers has found that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be a stronger predictor of Alzheimer’s disease than biomarkers. Researchers collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from participants including 320 people with MCI and 197 people with no cognitive problems. Participants were followed up with memory tests and blood samples at annual visits. Results showed that MCI was a stronger predictor of later development of Alzheimer’s disease than traditional biomarkers. Mild cognitive impairments are marked by trouble with short term memory and changes in memory, thinking, and judgment.

EXERCISE AND DEMENTIA: FINDINGS OF A META-ANALYSIS

Tue, 6 Sep 2011 10:38:22 -0400

A team of researchers from the Mayo Clinic have analyzed existing literature connecting exercise and cognitive impairments and reduced dementia risk. Meta-analytic results revealed a significantly reduced risk of dementia linked with exercise in midlife. Results also revealed that those with dementia or mild cognitive impairments showed better cognitive scores after introducing exercise for 6 to 12 months when compared to controls. Better spatial memory and larger hippocampal volumes were also associated with aerobic exercise. In addition, animal studies indicated that exercise improved learning outcomes and greater neuroplasticity.

Ahlskog, J.E., Geda, Y.E., Graff-Radford, N.R., Petersen, R.C. (2011). Physical exercise as a preventative or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2011,86(9):876-884

BRITISH COLUMBIA RESEARCHERS MAKE IMPORTANT DISCOVERY

Tue, 6 Sep 2011 10:37:32 -0400

Researchers from the University of British Columbia (UBC) have made an important discovery that provides a new explanation for how Alzheimer’s disease impacts the brain. A research team led by Wilfred Jeffries found that the brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s might be caused by the propagation of cells in blood vessel walls. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, researchers found double the normal density of capillaries. Additionally, a higher density of capillaries was found in human brains of those who had died of the disease. Researchers theorized that amyloid beta, the hallmark associated with Alzheimer’s disease, stimulates the profusion of blood vessels. This growth in blood vessels, it is believed, breaks down the blood-brain barrier. Previous research has assumed that the breakdown in the blood-barrier was associated with blood vessel death, but this research suggests that excess growth may be the problem. The research was supported by grants from the Canadian Stroke Network and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

CAPE BRETON COLLABORATIVE POLICY DEVELOPMENT

Tue, 6 Sep 2011 10:15:05 -0400

The Cape Breton District Health Authority (CBDHA) commissioned a collaborative assessment of real-world practice needs of primary care practitioners. As part of this style of report community physicians, nurses, and staff collaborated to create a questionnaire asking important questions about the community needs. Results of the study provided an overview of important health care concerns facing the community as communicated by multiple sources. Results revealed that the most cited concerns were enhanced team care, more rapid specialty consultations on mental health problems, and participation in quality improvement initiatives. The two main areas needing improvement were mental health and diabetes. Overall, participants felt that collaborative work in supporting quality health care was important. Participants believed that further collaborative development will help to foster team-based initiatives including patient self-management and flexible support. Nemis-White, J., MacKillop, J., Bennett, M., Ranking, E., MacLean, J.M., Trasler, T., & Montague, T. (2011). Addressing Primary Care Needs: A Participatory Approach to Collaborative Policy Development. HealcarePaperrs, 11(2), e69-e78.

ONTARIO LONG TERM CARE ASSOCIATION ISSUES CALL TO ACTION

Mon, 29 Aug 2011 11:44:29 -0400

The Ontario Long Term Care Association has launched a call to action, calling on the government to support seniors in need of long term care facilities. The association called on the government to re-build existing homes and ensure that they are properly maintained. According to Gail Paech, CEO of OLTCA, "Long term care homes across the province are providing exceptional quality, specialized care to some of Ontario’s most vulnerable citizens. But we also care for the buildings that our residents call home. We need them to be redeveloped and properly maintained so we can continue providing exceptional quality care in a home-like environment within the community." In the call to action, OLTCA specified the actions required to help ensure that the long term care facilities. In addition, the call for action asked for sustainable funding to help support the maintenance of long term care facilities in the future.

TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING FOR OLDER ADULT

Mon, 29 Aug 2011 11:43:32 -0400

Researchers at Baycrest in Toronto have discovered that older adults learn more effectively when they make mistakes. In terms of performance on memory tests, older adults showed improved performance when learning through trial and error instead of through passive learning. The findings were published online in the Psychology of Aging Journal. These findings challenge previous findings. As lead investigator Andree-Ann Cyr explained, "the scientific literature has traditionally embraced errorless learning for older adults. However, our study has shown that if older adults are learning material that is very conceptual, where they can make a meaningful relationship between their errors and the correct information that they are supposed to remember, in those cases the errors can actually be quite beneficial for the learning process." The trial and error learning process was more taxing cognitively, requiring participants to make active use of the information. According to the researchers, both younger and older adults performed better when in the trial-and-error learning, the effect was 2.5 times stronger for older adults.

SALT INTAKE AND PHYSCIAL ACTIVITY

Mon, 29 Aug 2011 11:42:29 -0400

A new study conducted by Canadian researchers uncovered a new reason to reduce salt intake. Researchers at Baycrest, an affiliate of the University of Toronto examined the cognitive consequences of salt intake coupled with physical activity in a 3 year longitudinal study. A subgroup of 1, 262 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging participated in the study. Participants were aged 67-84 and met certain requirements before entering the study to help eliminate third variables that may have covered the true effects of salt intake and physical activity on cognitive health. Researchers measured physical activity using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), a well-established self-report measure of daily activity. Sodium intake was measured using a survey asking about individuals’ eating habits over the past 12 months. To examine cognitive health, researchers administered the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) at yearly intervals for four years. Results showed that those who consumed higher levels of sodium and reported low levels of physical activity showed decline cognitive functioning. Senior author Dr. Carol Greenwood explained, "these data are especially relevant as we know that munching on high-salt processed snacks when engaged in sedentary activities, such as watching TV or playing in front of the computer, is a frequent pastime for many adults. This study addresses an additional risk associated with lifestyles that are highly apparent in North American populations."

GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS AFFORDABLE HOUSING

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 10:07:12 -0400

The federal and provincial government has announced a 1.2 million joint investment in Iosegun Manor, an affordable housing project for seniors in Alberta. As part of the newly amended Canada-Alberta Affordable Housing Agreement, the provincial and federal government will be investing $238 million over the next two years. The plan includes funding under Canada’s Economic Action Plan. The action plan announced in 2009 includes a number of housing-related projects delivered through Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Coupled with this plan, the Alberta government has aimed to create 11,000 affordable housing by 2012.

ATLANTIC SENIORS FACE HOUSING CHALLENGES

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 10:06:46 -0400

According to a new study from researchers at Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Atlantic Canadian seniors may face a number of difficulties in living in their own houses as they get older. From a lack of money for repairs to house designs ill-fitted for an aging resident, living in the same home can prove troublesome. In their study of homes in the Atlantic provinces, researchers discovered that many residents had been living in their homes for many years and did not want to leave despite mobility and financial barriers. Don Shiner and colleagues completed a six year study examining how policies at all levels of government impact Atlantic Canadian seniors and their ability to live in their own homes. Results showed that one in five seniors in the Atlantic provinces spent 40 per cent or more of income on shelter/housing costs. Nineteen per cent reported that their income did not allow them to support themselves and live comfortable with housing costs. The results were summarized in a report titled Seniors’ Housing: Challenges, Issues and Possible Solutions for Atlantic Canada. As part of the report recommendations, Shiner suggests a home accessibility tax credit, a home accessibility audit program and a tax rebate program and making changes to the National Building Code by 2016. Recommended changes include ensuring that homes have a bedroom - or a room that can used as a bedroom - and a bathroom on the main floor, and that they be wheelchair-accessible.

EXPANDING FAMILY LEAVE

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 10:06:20 -0400

The McGuinty government is planning to improve family medical leave for people living in Ontario if elected in the October 6th provincial election. A family caregiver leave program would ensure family members of those with serious injury or illness have the same benefits previously restricted to those caring for terminally ill loved ones. Currently, family members caring for a loved one with a terminal are allowed eight weeks of unpaid leave and a guarantee that their job will remain on their return. McGuinty is calling on the federal government to make this family caregiver leave eligible for employment insurance benefits.

FOOD ROLE CHANGES

Tue, 23 Aug 2011 10:05:28 -0400

A study published in the August 2011 edition the Journal of Aging Studies investigates the role changes around meals that couples facing dementia encounter. A team of researchers from the University of Guelph studied the experiences of male care partners who underwent food-related role changes when their spouses’ developed dementia. Researchers analyzed 3 years of interview data. Emerging themes from these interviews included: the process of sliding into food-related roles, maintaining reciprocal nurturance by watching over one another, and the importance of promoting each other’s self-worth throughout changes in roles. Coming to terms with the need for role changes around food helped couples to cope with the process. This study marks one of the few investigations into food related role changes facing couples living with dementia. Keller, H.H. & Daly, K. (2011). The food-related role shift experiences of spousal male care partners and their wives with dementia. Journal of Aging Studies, 25(3), 305-315

NEW PLANS FOR NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

Tue, 16 Aug 2011 09:29:15 -0400

The Canadian Health Services Research Foundation has offered support and guidance to the Northwest Territories in improving management of care for chronic diseases including mental health. As part of the process in creating plans, the CHSRF conducted four workshops over six months with 45 health system executives, managers, policy-makers and healthcare providers. According to CHSRF President Maureen O’Neil, the workshops served as a framework for collaboration. O’Neil explained, "We brought the right people together with the right evidence to work through some critical problems and tailored to the specific context of the NWT." At the end of the workshop, solutions to major problems facing NWT were developed. Throughout the summer, reports will be finalized and the stage will be set for implementation of changes in pilot project for the fall.

OPTIONS FOR SENIORS UNDER CPP

Tue, 16 Aug 2011 09:28:32 -0400

New changes to the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) that will allow for more flexibility is set to be phased in between now and 2016. Under the new rules, it will be easier for Canadians to have flexibility in starting age of CPP benefits and the age of contributions after 60. The new changes will make it easier to begin receiving benefits before the age of 65; the penalty of doing so, however, will be greater. The penalty will rise from 30% to 36%. Waiting until the age of 70 to begin receiving CPP benefits would receive 42% more than they would have at 65 as of 2013. For more information on the changes, please see the Service Canada website (http://www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/isp/cpp/cpptoc.shtml).

NEW SENIOR CARE PHILOSOPHY STARTED IN ONTARIO

Tue, 16 Aug 2011 09:27:56 -0400

A new provincial initiative called the Home First Program is being implemented in Sarnia-Lambton by the Erie-St. Clair Community Care Access Centre. The new initiative aims to move patients home instead of directly to long-term care. After function and strength loss following a hospital stay, staff may normally recommend a long-term care option. Encouraging patients to regain some of their strength and function at home with proper supports and then decide about further care options may help to reduce further function loss and support independence. The initiative is part of an aging at home philosophy emphasizing at home care as long as possible.

CANADIAN SPORTS CONCUSSION RESULTS

Tue, 16 Aug 2011 09:27:01 -0400

Researchers behind the Canadian Sports Concussion Project at the Krembil Neuroscience Centre in the Toronto Western Hospital have released preliminary results of their research to date. According to researchers, two of the brains donated to the project showed signs of a brain disease often associated with the eventual development of dementia. The brain of Bobby Kuntz, a former Toronto Argonaut and Hamilton Tiger-Cat player and Jay Roberts, an Ottawa Roughrider player both showed signs of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is marked by an abnormal build-up of Tau protein in the brain as well as memory impairments, emotional instability, erratic behaviour, depression, and trouble with impulse control. During their careers, both players had suffered repeated concussions. Tests on the brains of two other sports players, Winnipeg’s Pete Ribbins, and the Alouettes’ Tony Proudfoot revealed no signs of disease. As explained by researcher Dr. Lili-Naz Hazrati, "Right now we have more questions than answers about the relationship between repeated concussions and late brain degeneration. For example, we are still trying to understand why these two players acquired CTE and the other two did not." The research project will continue to seek answers to questions about the relation between repeated head injuries and later development of degenerative brain disease.

CANADA’S WOMEN’S BRAIN HEALTH RESEARCH

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:36:25 -0400

A Canadian initiative aims to increase awareness and fund research focusing on the female brain and aging. The Women of Baycrest is being described as a movement more than a funding initiative. Led by Lynn Posluns, former president of Fairweather clothing, the initiative has a target of raising $5 million to fund a research chair in Women’s Brain Health and Aging at Toronto’s Baycrest. The money will also go towards funding research focused on women’s brain health and public awareness initiatives to educate women on the importance of brain health. The Women of Baycrest website sites research released from the Alzheimer Society of Canada that 70% of new diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease will be women. Posluns explains, "collectively we are more powerful than any generation of women before us. We want to know why we are more susceptible to Alzheimer’s and what we can do to maintain our physical and mental wellness as we get older." Currently, a number of corporate partners are supporting the initiative including Shoppers Drugmart, The Globe and Mail, The National Post, Pfizer and many more. As part of the Women of Baycrest’s aim to promote education and awareness, plans are in place to host a Sex, Aging and Memory conference on Tuesday October 18th 2011. The conference will be Canada’s first women’s brain health conference and will feature big names like Dr. Marla Shapiro, Senator Linda Frum and guest speaker actress and women’s health advocate Hilary Swank.

ONTARIO BEHAVIOURAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS PATIENTS

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:35:54 -0400

The Ontario’s Health Ministry announced plans to hire 700 new health-care workers as part of the Ontario Behavioural Support Systems Project. This new project aims to help provide better care for people living with Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and other neurological disorders. One central focus of the program is to better cope with behaviours formerly labelled as “aggressive” without resorting to medication and restraints. Already in place are plans to start four pilot projects in Ontario in the next year. In addition to attempting to understand behaviours in long-term care settings, coordinating care so individuals can live at home longer is a big focus of the Ontario Behavioural Support Systems Project. According to geriatric psychiatrist Ken LeClair, the program will take a three-pronged approach: to better co-ordinate existing services, consult and deploy specialists trained to help educate health workers in the field about behaviour strategies, and to identify service gaps.

GOVERNMENT FUNDING TO SUPPORT RESEARCH IN IMPROVING CARE

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:35:21 -0400

The Ontario Government has announced a $6.3 million investment into a Council of Academic Hospitals of Ontario (CAHO) initiative that aims to improve patient care through application of research. The Adopting Research to Improve Care (ARTIC) Program was created in response to a gap in the sharing of best practices in the realm of patient care. While healthcare sectors may share best practices in specific organizations, a collaborative and systematic approach to applying new strategies to help improve patient care is lacking. According to Karen Michell, Executive Director of CAHO "through the ARTIC Program, CAHO aspires to help build a systematic and sustainable implementation pathways for evidence adoption across the province and we are pleased to partner with the Ministry of Health and Long-Term care on this important journey."

IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVITY

Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:33:29 -0400

Previous research has investigated the importance of physical activity in guarding against cognitive impairments. A problem with the research done up to this point is that it relies heavily on self-report measures and imprecise indexes of physical activity. A new study conducted by researchers of the Heart and Stroke Foundation Center for Stroke Recovery at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center and colleagues provides more empirically sound evidence for the link between physical activity and brain health. As part of the study, researchers defined physical activity as ‘activity energy expenditure’ (AEE), a more objective index of physical fitness. AEE was calculated as 90% of total energy expenditure minus resting metabolic rate. After the researchers controlled for other factors, they discovered that adults with higher AEE had lowered odds of cognitive impairments. These results show that physical activity does indeed guard against cognitive impairments. The researchers write that "Our study provides new evidence that objectively measured total daily activity, as measured by energy expenditure, is associated with a reduced incidence of cognitive impairment in older adults," (Middleton, Manini, Simonsick, Harris, Barnes, Tylaysky, Brach, Everhart, & Yaffe, 2011).

DRAMATIC RISE IN LOW-INCOME SENIORS

Mon, 18 Jul 2011 14:25:55 -0400

A study released by the Conference Board of Canada has shed light on growing rate of low-income seniors. The study found that since 1990, the number of low-income seniors has been growing significantly. According to the report, between 2006 and 2009 approximately 128,000 more seniors were considered to be in the low income bracket; an estimated three-quarters of these seniors are women. The researchers reported that 9.6 to 13.3 of the Canadian population is considered low income. In addition to the increase in low-income seniors, the gap between the rich and the poor in Canada appears to be widening.

CANADA PRIONET ANNOUNCED $2.9 MILLION IN FUNDING

Mon, 18 Jul 2011 14:25:04 -0400

PrioNet Canada, a national research network based in Vancouver, announced that $2.9 million in funding will be put towards prion disease research in Canada. Prion diseases are characterized by chronic wasting and degeneration of brain tissue. Dr. Neil Cashman, scientific director of PrioNet Canada said "By working with our partners, we aim to continue to protect Canada against classical prion diseases like chronic wasting disease and mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE), and we're also providing benefit to Canadians through the development of innovative therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and ALS." Recipients of the funding include five researchers at the University of British Columbia, the University of Alberta, and the University of Toronto.

DELIRIUM IN HOSPITALIZED SENIORS

Mon, 18 Jul 2011 14:24:26 -0400

Researchers from Quebec City have found that delirium among older adults is a cause of functional and cognitive decline, morbidity and even mortality among hospitalized seniors. As part of the study, researchers investigated the risk factors associated with delirium severity among older adults living with dementia and residing in long-term care facilities. Researchers found six factors were associated with delirium severity: marital status, dementia severity, lower functional autonomy, less medication, behavioural issues, and inadequate physical environments. Of those six factors, only marital status and dementia severity were associated with severity of delirium when considering other control factors. The researchers explained, "given the poor outcomes associated with delirium severity, nurses need to pay closer attention to the predisposing and precipitating factors of delirium severity."

PHYSICAL AILMENTS RELATED TO DEMENTIA

Mon, 18 Jul 2011 14:23:37 -0400

According to a large scale study out of Dalhousie University, maintaining physical health can be beneficial for the body and the brain. In a large-scale research study, Kenneth Rockwood and colleagues followed 7, 239 Canadians over the age of 65 for 10-years. Participants were asked about 19 health problems that had not been previously reported to increase the risk of dementia. Conditions included arthritis, trouble hearing or seeing, denture fit, chest or skin problems, stomach or bladder troubles, sinus issues, broken bones and feet or ankle conditions. According to results of the study, each condition increased the individuals’ risk for dementia by 3.2 per cent. For those with 12 health problems, the risk of dementia increased to approximately 40 per cent. The research was published in the American Academy of Neurology. According to Jean Francois Dartigues of the National Institute of Health and Medical Research in France wrote "more research needs to be done to confirm that these non-traditional health problems may indeed be linked to an increased risk of dementia. But if confirmed, the consequences of these findings could be significant and could lead to the development of preventative or curative strategies for Alzheimer’s disease."

MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS AND COGNITIVE LOAD

Mon, 18 Jul 2011 14:22:43 -0400

Researchers out of the University of British Columbia and the University of Illinois have discovered that increased cognitive load can be dangerous for walking older adults, putting them at greater risk of impaired mobility decisions and a greater risk of falling. According to previous research, as we age mobility tasks such as walking require more cognitive effort and attention resources. Walking, for example, takes a significant amount of mental effort; we need to concentrate, plan, and coordinate movements in response to the environment. As part of the current research, community-dwelling seniors (mean age = 73 years) were invited to participate in an in-lab study. Participants were classified as either at risk or not at risk for falls based on variety of measures. In a virtual reality test, participants crossed a computer simulated street by walking on a treadmill. To test increased cognitive load, participants listened to music or talked on the phone while crossing the virtual street. Results showed that those who were previously classified as at risk for falls had more trouble (longer crossing times and more collisions) when they were listening to music and having phone conversations. The researchers concluded that older adults at risk for falls have difficulty with mobility judgments when they are under greater cognitive load.

Nagamatsu, L.S., Voss, M., Neider, M.B., Gaspar, J.G., Handy, T.C., Kramer, A.F., Liu-Ambrose, T.Y.L. (2011). Increased cognitive load leads to impaired mobility decisions in seniors at risk for falls. Psychology and Aging, 26(2), 253-259. June 2011.

SENIORS’ MINISTERS MEET IN HAMILTON

Mon, 11 Jul 2011 09:46:07 -0400

A two day meeting for seniors’ ministers hosted by MPP Sophia Aggelonitis took place in Hamilton last week. More than eight federal, territorial, and provincial ministers gathered to discuss the upcoming challenges of an aging population. Attendees included Glen Hart, Yukon’s minister of health and social services and Denise Peterson-Rafuse, Nova Scotia’s minister of seniors and community services. Aggelonitis presented information about the planned Silver Advisory system in Ontario. Politicians left the two day meeting with four priorities to bring forward in their own work. These priorities include: innovative ideas for seniors in housing and transportation; identifying and preventing elder abuse, particularly financial abuse; promoting active participation in community; and improving access to government and services and benefits. The ministers plan to create a working group that will report back on progress every three months. Federal Minister of State (Seniors) Alice Wong said "the discussions we had will help us better anticipate and respond to the changing needs of an aging society."

CALGARY SENIORS EVICTED

Mon, 11 Jul 2011 09:45:23 -0400

The role of private, for-profit businesses in providing public health-care services has recently gained public attention after 30 seniors living in assisted-living homes in Calgary were evicted. Chartwell Seniors Housing announced that it will not be renewing its contract leasing space in Colonel Belcher seniors residence to publicly run Carewest. Tom Noseworthy, co-director of the Calgary Institute for Population and Health explained that it is not surprising that Chartwell has made this business decision to maximize profits. As Noseworthy explains, patient care may take a back seat when for profit businesses enter a contract with a public health care entity. Past president of the Consumers’ Association of Canada’s Alberta chapter Wendy Armstrong explains that when for-profit companies enter contracts to provide not-for-profits services, "their main focus is really not on providing safe and affordable housing for seniors, and attended-care services should they require them."

SHOCKING RESULTS: DEMENTIA NOT TAKEN SERIOUSLY

Mon, 11 Jul 2011 09:44:32 -0400

According to a poll commissioned by the Alzheimer’s Society of the UK, the seriousness of dementia may not be fully understood. The survey revealed that almost a quarter of the respondents (24%) had heard jokes about dementia compared to jokes about other conditions such as autism (3%) and cancer (3%). Despite these jokes, few respondents (8%) thought that jokes about dementia were acceptable. For 55 per cent of respondents, dementia is not taken seriously enough by the general public. Results of the survey also revealed that people believed it was acceptable to say someone with dementia had ‘lost their marbles’ (10%), was ‘senile’ (22%), or was ‘having a senior moment’ (33%). Chief executive of the Alzheimer’s Society Jeremy Hughes commented "these are shocking findings and show that dementia is still a condition for which some people think it is ok to joke about. It is not."

THERAPEUTIC ART PROGRAM RECEIVES GRANT

Mon, 11 Jul 2011 09:43:44 -0400

The Alzheimer Society of North Bay & District recently received a grant of $76,000 from the Ontario Trillium Foundation. The grant money will be used to develop a therapeutic art program for those living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The money will allow the Alzheimer Society to hire a coordinator and purchase art supplies for the program. The role of therapeutic arts programs in promoting quality of life in those living with dementia has gained recent support and attention. The use of artistic creativity stimulates areas of the brain not normally stimulated. This brain activity promotes overall brain health and is also an emotional release for those coping with many life changes. An event marking the new grant was held on July 2nd and showcased artwork already completed by individuals since the Dementia Art Program was first launched. The Ontario Trillium Foundation is an agency of the Government of Ontario and seeks to promote community-based initiatives.

NEW HOUSING OPTIONS

Mon, 4 Jul 2011 09:23:51 -0400

The Carlington Community Health Center and the Ottawa Community Housing Corporation are partnering to construct a new type of housing project aimed at serving low-income seniors in the Ottawa area. The apartment complex would provide residents with a ground floor medical clinic and social services center. According to Health Quality Ontario, seniors in Eastern Ontario have the longest wait times for nursing homes in the province. Exploring alternative options, such as the proposed apartment and medical resource complex, may better meet the needs of seniors and help to alleviate wait times for residential facilities. Providing more options also allows seniors to live independently for a longer while still having the supports they may require. To help support the project, the Carlington Community Health Center and the Ottawa Community Housing Corporation are seeking financial funding from the province to cover two thirds of the project cost.

COUNCIL CONSIDER FREE RIDE

Mon, 4 Jul 2011 09:22:48 -0400

Barrie Ward 5 Coun. Peter Silveira is pushing for a free three month bus pass for seniors next winter. Council will be discussion the proposition next week. Silveira has spoken about Canadian’s treatment of seniors. In response to concerns about the cost of such a pass, Silveira said "how selfish are we going to be? Canada, as rich of a country as it is, we treat seniors really badly. We have the opportunity to do a better job." Ward 6 Counc. Michael Prowse who sits on the transportation committee expressed concern about the financial cost of such a pass ($140,000 for 3 months).

EASTERN ONTARIO HOSPITALS FAILING SENIORS

Mon, 4 Jul 2011 09:21:47 -0400

A report commissioned by the Champlain Local Health Integration Network and the Regional Geriatric Program of Eastern Ontario revealed that Eastern Ontario hospitals are failing seniors. According to the report, failing to treat elderly patients properly leads to reduced functioning, crammed hospitals, and long wait times. Eastern Ontario has the longest wait times for nursing homes in the province. The report set forth a number of recommendations to help improve the situation for seniors living in Eastern Ontario. Among the recommendations included doing more to prevent the loss of function in hospitalized seniors, identifying and managing conditions that contribute to loss of function, sending seniors to home-care services instead of nursing homes, providing improved dementia care, and committing to more "senior friendly" hospital designs. Alex Munter, chief executive of the Champlain LHIN said "we need to re-orient the culture of hospitals towards the goal of helping somebody going back home and thinking about what it takes to send them back home."

CANADIAN SENIORS OVERMEDICATED

Mon, 4 Jul 2011 09:20:29 -0400

According to experts, seniors in Canada may be over medicated. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, an estimated 13% of seniors taking five or more prescriptions experience side effects causing them to seek further health care services. Statistics also revealed that drug expenditures in Canada have increased dramatically. Between 1997 and 2006, the prescription drug claims from seniors in Ontario increased by 214%. Seniors in public drug programs taking five or more drug classes have also increased from 57.7% to 62.0% from 2002 to 2008. According to family physician Dr. Margaret McGregor, "we tend to keep elderly people on medications for preventative purposes, even when there’s no real research that supports doing so." According to Dr. Joel Lexchin, professor of health policy at York University, pharmaceutical marketing may play a role in over medicating seniors. Another factor may be disease-focused clinical guidelines that may not always consider the overall health and impact of interventions.

DIET AND DEMENTIA

Mon, 20 Jun 2011 09:39:36 -0400

A new study published in the Archives of Neurology speaks to the value of maintaining a low saturated fat/low glycemic index diet. Researchers discovered that adopting a low saturated fat/low glycemic index diet can help to reduce the concentration of beta amyloid, the main protein found in brain plaques of those with Alzheimer’s disease. As part of the study, 49 adults in their mid-60s consumed either a diet high in saturated fat/glycemic index or low in saturated fat/glycemic index. Participants were either healthy adults (20 individuals) or had mild cognitive impairments (29 individuals). In the healthy adults, the diet high in saturated fat/high glycemic index foods increased concentration of beta amyloid whereas the diet low in saturated fat/low glycemic index lowered levels of beta amyloid. For those with mild cognitive impairments, the diet high in saturated fats and glycemic index had no impact and the diet low in saturated fats and glycemic index actually increased the concentration of beta amyloid. These results suggest that for healthy adults, a diet low in saturated fats and low in glycemic index may protect from development of the disease. Dietary changes after symptoms begin to appear may not be effective.

BRAIN IMPLANTS

Mon, 20 Jun 2011 09:38:52 -0400

Neuroprosthetic devices, or devices that can substitute for some damaged modality in the brain, may be a way of the future in helping to repair brains damaged by injury, stroke, or dementia. In a recent discovery, scientists at Wake Forest University and the University of Southern California designed a brain implant that was able to restore memory function and strengthen recall of rats in the laboratory. The study was published in the Journal of Neural Engineering this past week. This significant development shows that it is possible to restore cognitive functions using a device that mimics neuron firing. While much more work and research will be required, this development is a step forward in restoring cognitive functioning with neuroprosthetic devices.

HILLSDALE ESTATES

Mon, 20 Jun 2011 09:37:53 -0400

Hillsdale Estates, a long term care facility in Oshawa, has been designated one of only 10 Prevention of Elder Abuse Centres of Excellence in Canada (PEACE). It is one of only two sites in Ontario to be awarded this title. Pamela Rowe, manager of nursing practice at Hillsdale Estates says "we want to be proactive, not reactive. We want to be champions for elder abuse prevention and knowledge." Hillsdale Estates is working to spread awareness and highlight intervention strategies. Working to battle elder abuse is important for all Canadians. The Department of Justice reports 7,900 incidences of elder abuse in Canada since 2009. This is an increase of 14- per cent over 2004.

OMBUDSMAN FOR BANKING SERVICES

Mon, 20 Jun 2011 09:36:57 -0400

In recognition of Seniors’ Month in Canada, the Ombudsman for Banking Services and Investments (OBSI) has released a list of issues and problems that seniors in Canada may face. According to Ombudsman Doug Melville, and estimate 55-60% of complains that reach the office are from Canadians over the age of 60. The first common concern facing older adults is delegating control of financial affairs. Having one member of a household handling all the financial affairs can be problematic if that individual becomes ill, the relationship ends, or the person passes away. To help avoid such problems, the OBSI recommends being fully aware and involved when handling finances with a spouse or partner. A second common problem the OBSI sees as a particular concern for seniors is missing financial records. Keeping records up to date and storing them in a safe place is an important practice for all Canadians, not just seniors. A third concern for older adults is phone scams such as the "grandparent scam." Scam artists target seniors by pretending to be their grandchild or relatives and in need of money. Being aware of such scams and knowing how to spot signs of problems may help protect older adults. Another frequent complaint encountered by the OBSI surrounds Powers of Attorney. Making sure that Power of Attorney documents clearly lay out the individuals intentions is an important step. Another common concern for seniors is unsuitable investments. Making sure that financial advisors are aware of your circumstances and being sure about documents before signing documents is a preventative step that the OBSI recommends for all Canadians.

RESULTS OF THE DESJARDINS FINANCIAL SECURITY HEALTH SURVEY

Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:47:01 -0400

The Desjardins Financial Security (DFS) Health Survey released earlier this week reveals some interesting information about the health concerns of Canadians. Alzheimer’s disease ranked among the top health concerns for survey respondents, with 12.1 per cent of people naming it as their top health fear. Other concerns included cancer (24 per cent), disability caused by an accident (9.9 per cent), chronic illness such as MS or diabetes (8.3 per cent), general aging (8 per cent), a heart attack (7.9 per cent) or a stroke (4.4 per cent). Results of the survey also reveal that Canadians believe they are taking good care of their health with 70 per cent having made significant lifestyle changes to improve health. While people are taking physical care of themselves, the survey also revealed that people may not be prepared financially in the event of a health crisis. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents said that an illness would make them financially vulnerable and that they would require family support. In the event of a critical illness, half of respondents (53 per cent) felt that they would be able to cover daily living expenses and pay monthly bills (48.7 per cent).

NEW SCHOLARSHIP FROM THE ALZHEIMER SOCIETY OF SASKATCHEWAN

Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:46:13 -0400

The Alzheimer Society of Saskatchewan has established a new scholarship to help promote new research in the area of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The Alzheimer Society of Saskatchewan Scholarship is valued at $5,000 annually and will be adjudicated by the University of Regina Centre on Aging and Health. The scholarship has been approved and will be awarded in the winter semester. The eligible candidate must be pursuing research related to Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias, must be pursuing a Master’s or Doctoral program at the University of Regina, and must meet certain academic requirements.

OUTDOOR WALKS

Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:45:17 -0400

A recent study out of Switzerland highlights the importance of walking for those living in retirement communities and long term care facilities. Subjects who walked for a total of one hour showed improved balance and halved their risk of falling. While a number of centres promote exercise, outdoor exercise is a rarity. Being outdoors may help to alleviate stress among residents and may help to improve agitation among some individuals. Dr. Cheryl Mason, a GP from Langley, British Columbia notes that "a short daily walk outdoors, if only 10 to 20 minutes, would likely ameliorate some of their symptoms of distress" and that "those patients of mine who do get outdoors for a daily walk or outing seem to do so much better overall, both physically and emotionally." A significant challenge for long term care facilities is the limited number of staff available to facilitate outdoor activity. Encouraging families to engage in outdoor activities with the residents, connecting with volunteers, and coordinating outdoor activities are all potential ways to improve the situation.

MONCTON PROMOTES AGE-FRIENDLY BUSINESSES

Mon, 13 Jun 2011 08:45:13 -0400

The Seniors Advisory Committee of Moncton, New Brunswick has introduced a new plan to help promote the age-friendliness of their community. The Senior-Friendly Business Program is a collaborative effort from the Seniors Advisory Committee and the Downtown Moncton Centre-ville Inc. The plan aims to recognize businesses that are accessible and meet the needs of seniors. Included in the Senior-Friendly Business Program is a five step plan for businesses to become more educated about the needs of older adults. Interested businesses must first review the criteria for a senior friendly business and attend an orientation session about the program. In the next stage, businesses are invited to review the Senior-Friendly Business checklist and make changes to their own environment to meet the requirements outlined in the checklist. If a business meets 80 per cent of the criteria, it will be approved as a Senior-Friendly Business and will receive a certificate to display a window decal, and will be listed on the City of Moncton website. Initiatives such as the Senior-Friendly Business Program are gaining popularity across Canada as more communities are recognizing the needs of older adults.

BUDGET ANNOUNCEMENT FOR CAREGIVERS

Tue, 7 Jun 2011 15:41:06 -0400

The 2011 federal budget announced on June 6th offers support for family caregivers across the country. The new budget includes a Family Caregiver Tax Credit. Additionally, previous limits on Medical Expense Tax Credit have been eliminated. The Canadian Caregiver Coalition (CCC) has spoken up in support of these changes. CCC President Nadine Henningsen said, "We are pleased to see the federal government maintaining its commitment to family caregivers by mitigating their financial burden through this program." Providing care for a family member is often associated with financial stress. According to the Canadian Caregiver Coalition, 41% of Canadians use personal savings to support themselves when caring for a relative. The new tax credit will help those who take time off work to care for a relative.

HEALTHIER COMMUNITIES

Tue, 7 Jun 2011 15:40:41 -0400

The long running, population-based health study known simply as the Ontario Health Study (OHS) is recruiting Ontario residents 18 years and older. The aim of the study is to identify common risk factors associated with a number of conditions and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Because participants are followed over a number of decades, the OHS has a unique advantage over shorter term and more limited studies. With over 200 researchers working on the project across the province, there are many opportunities for people to participate. For more information on the OHS or to participate, please visit www.OntarioHealthStudy.ca. Participation involves completed a 20-30 minute online survey with questions about diet, physical activity, and general health.

AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR OLDER ADULTS

Tue, 7 Jun 2011 15:39:40 -0400

With the aging of the Canadian baby boom generation, the Alberta Senior Citizens’ Housing Association (ASCHA) is speaking up about the need for affordable housing for Alberta seniors. President of the ASCHA Jim Hubbard explains that "ever-increasing pressure and expectations are being placed on ASCHA's members to provide accommodation, support and health care for Alberta's seniors. As the seniors' population grows faster than it has in recent history, it is time for industry using frontline expertise to provide leadership in creating choices for seniors to age in the right place." The ASCHA represents an estimated 60 percent of living options for seniors in Alberta with its membership serving over 25,000 seniors in Alberta.

SILVER ADVISORY

Tue, 7 Jun 2011 15:39:33 -0400

A new program to help locate missing older adults called the "Silver Advisory" is expected to be implemented in Ontario next year. The program would be the first of its kind in Canada and would be similar to the Amber Alerts used to locate missing children. According to Premier Dalton McGuinty, programs like the Silver Advisory are currently being implemented in 30 American states. The program will cost an estimated $1.5 million and, as McGuinty explains, will serve as an example for other provinces to follow in creating their own programs. The minister responsible for seniors, Sophie Aggelonitis, first brought for the idea as a private member’s bill in 2009. In consulting and working with the police, community organizations, and Alzheimer’s groups, the premier hopes to have a solid system in place next year, possibly before the October 6th election.

CARE PROVIDERS AT INCREASED RISK

Mon, 16 May 2011 09:52:24 -0400

A new research review suggests that husbands and wives who provide care for a spouse with dementia may face an increased risk of experiencing mental decline. The study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society suggests that a number of aspects of the care provider’s situation may contribute to an increased risk for mental decline. Chronic stress, social isolation, depression, decreased self-care and physical activity, and a change in eating habits may contribute to a higher risk. As the newly published article recalls, previous studies have shown that care providers of those with Alzheimer’s disease have lower scores on measures of attention, visual processing speed, and memory when compared to non-caregiving adults of the same age. Another study published in 2010 followed a large sample of 1,200 older adults couples for 12 years. Results showed that participants whose spouse developed dementia had a 600% greater risk of developing dementia. While these results are shocking, it is important to note that these studies do not tap into causality. It is possible, for example, that both husband and wife were exposed to the same environmental factors and shared a similar lifestyle.

PROGRESSIVE CARE

Mon, 16 May 2011 09:46:57 -0400

This Edmonton Journal article discusses a recent shift towards a more progressive model of dementia care. This progressive model places emphasis on treating dementia patients with kindness and dignity instead of an over reliance on medication to help soothe anxiety. According to journalist Melanie Collison, research suggests that adjusting the environment to help reduce stress and create emotional safety also helps improve behaviour and relieve distress. As explained by dementia expert David Sheard, the goal of this care model is to be person-centered. According to Sheard, "feelings matter most" and the role of the care provider is to engage with the person, and not focus on any particular task. Bernadette DeSantis, spokeswoman for Edmonton-based CapitalCare explains that such a person focus allows residents to maintain dignity and identity.

EVALUATING STRATEGIES

Mon, 16 May 2011 09:46:18 -0400

Proposed strategies to help combat the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are numerous. From cognitive fitness games to special diets, a number of strategies have gained public attention. But how effective are these strategies? According to a panel assembled by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, the evidence is sparse and significant gaps still exist. While individual studies have shown positive results, limited sample sizes and methodological issues limit the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies. A recent article published in the Archives of Neurology called for large-scale and long-term studies to be conducted to assess the effectiveness of these treatments and develop new strategies.

PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH

Mon, 16 May 2011 09:46:14 -0400

The Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) is praising commitments to mental health made in the provinces of New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador. MHCC President and CEO Louise Bradley said "these commitments reflect the important steps taken by several provinces to transform their approach to mental health." New Brunswick has recently released a new action plan for mental health in the province. The new plan includes a collaborative model of response, a commitment to de-stigmatizing mental illness, and cultural safety training for mental fitness. In Newfoundland and Labrador, a recent provincial budget included 8.7 million dollars allocated to mental health awareness campaigns and services. The MHCC is currently working closely with the provinces and territories in developing a mental health strategy for Canada. For more information on the MHCC strategy, please visit: http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/English/Pages/Strategy.aspx

CARE-RING VOICE: ACCESSIBLE SUPPORT FOR CARE PROVIDERS

Tue, 10 May 2011 11:34:37 -0400

Providing free and accessible support for family care providers is a top priority for The Care-ring Voice Network. Made up of nonprofit and community organizations, the coalition is making a difference in the lives of family care partners through the Care-ring Voice Program. Modeled after the Ring Around Carers in the UK, the Care-ring Voice program provides family care partners with support and information that can be accessed at online or over the phone at the care providers convenience. With tele-learning and interactive sessions, the program aims to empower care providers. Currently, the program is being run by the Caregiver Support Centre of Cavendish and is made possible by the J.W. McConnel Family Foundation’s Care Renewal: Reaching Out to Caregivers Initiative.

LABELING BEHAVIOURS: EXPERIENCE

Tue, 10 May 2011 11:33:19 -0400

In this article, Chaplain Larry Hirst of Bethesda Place in Steinbach Manitoba explains his experience with behaviour labels used in supporting those living with dementia. As Hirst explains, his assignment to the Behavioural Unit at the Riverview Health Centre in Winnipeg left him with a new perspective on the use of terms such as 'aggressive behaviour' and 'behavioural problem.' Hirst discusses the negative impact such labels can have on the quality of care provided and the respect given to the individual. Instead of using the negative terms 'aggressive behaviour' and 'behavioural problems', Hirst argues for the use of the term 'responsive behaviours' and provides a clear explanation of the meaning attached to this term. This article provides a clear explanation of reasons for adopting this method of labelling and reinforces the importance of maintaining the dignity of those living with dementia at all times.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

Tue, 10 May 2011 11:32:10 -0400

Natural disasters such as storms, tornadoes, and floods pose a threat to all Canadians. According to a London psychologist Dr. Maggie Gibson, older adults and especially those with dementia are at an even greater risk in times of emergency. Gibson explains, "the evidence from all of the disasters in recent years that have made the headlines has shown that older people are one of the groups that are disproportionately vulnerable." To help educate health care workers and policy makers, a new online tool has been developed. The tool is titled "Emergency Management, Frailty, Disasters and Dementia: What Health Care Providers Need to Know" and can be found online at http://www.dementiaknowledgebroker.ca/emergency-management. The online tool covers important topics such as emergency management, preparation, response, and recovery and mitigation. The interactive format helps to engage participants and helps to ensure that relevant information is communicated in an interesting way. The project was funded by the Canadian Dementia Knowledge Translation Network, the Alzheimer Society of Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada.

BLOOD TEST

Tue, 10 May 2011 11:32:06 -0400

Canadian researchers at McGill University Health Center have published promising results of a blood test that may help in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In their laboratory study, Dr. Vassilios Papadopoulos and colleagues studied blood samples for 39 people living with Alzheimer’s disease, 40 healthy adults, and seven people living with mild cognitive impairments. Researchers discovered that looking for a precursor of biomarker dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) helped to differentiate those with and without the disease. As the authors explain in their recent publication in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, DHEA is a brain hormone that has been shown to be low in the brains of those with early stage Alzheimer’s disease. Lead researcher Papadopoulos sees great promise that this test may one day make early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease a reality.

VACCINE DEVELOPMENTS

Mon, 2 May 2011 16:27:51 -0400

A new drug that may protect the brain against proteins that trigger Alzheimer’s disease may be on the horizon. According to Dr. Michael Borrie of the University of Western Ontario, a drug called bapineuzumab has gone further in human trials than any other immunotherapy of its kind. Currently an estimated 2,000 people across North America and Europe are participants in a study of the new vaccine. It is unknown whether or not the drug will be able to halt the progression on symptoms of the disease. Bapineuzumab is one of 13 immunotherapy drugs to be tested on human participants in the past decade. Previous studies were shut down because the treatments were not effective. Continued research and testing will determine whether bapineuzumab is a viable vaccine.

HOCKEY AND BRAIN HEALTH: A NEW STUDY

Mon, 2 May 2011 16:26:55 -0400

With the recent publication of a detailed analysis of concussions in the NHL, Canadian researchers are increasingly interested in understanding the long term brain health of those who sustain head injuries in high impact sports. A team of Toronto researchers at the Rotman Research Institute is teaming up with NHL Alumni to identify risk factors for cognitive decline. Volunteer NHL alumni will be tested for prior risk factors for dementia their current brain health will be assessed. To help researchers spot any brain changes, participants will be given brain scans every 3 years. To serve as a control condition, family members of players will be recruited to undergo similar tests. The NHL Alumni executive director Mark Napier stated "as former players from a high-impact sport, we are very interested in contributing to research that will help illuminate the different factors that influence the aging process, particularly around brain health and the development of dementia."

BRINGING SUPPORT TO RURAL CANADIANS

Mon, 2 May 2011 16:26:32 -0400

For people living with dementia and their loved ones, access to support groups and educational resources can make the difficult journey a little easier. For those living in rural communities, finding support groups and resource centers can be a challenge. Kristy Tymos of the Alzheimer Society of Canada explains, "one of the challenges of living rurally is being able to access the same services that are available elsewhere in the province." To help address the needs of those living in Kootenay, British Columbia, Tymos and colleagues are coordinating an online and telephone support group for families of those living with Alzheimer’s disease. As part of the long distance support group, issues of grief associated with a loved one’s disease and changes in relationships along the journey. According to Tymos, the hope is that the group, led by a trained facilitator, will provide the same emotional support as a face-to-face interacting support group. The support sessions run and hour and a half in length and include an average of 8 participants. To ensure that the program is meeting the needs of participants, coordinators will evaluate the program periodically to ensure that participants are feeling empowered.

THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFE SPACE

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 11:38:22 -0400

According to a study published in the American Journal of Geriatrics, reduced "life space" that occurs when older adults are restricted to the home environment increases the risk for development of Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers at the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago recruited 1,294 older adults without dementia for participation in the study. Participants completed a Life Space Questionnaire and were tested for indicators of Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairments. Participants were followed up for, on average, 4.4 years. Of the 1,294 participants, 180 developed Alzheimer’s disease. Through statistical analysis, the researchers discovered that a more constricted life space was linked with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and a faster rate of cognitive decline. Those whose life space was limited to the home had nearly twice the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

MEMORY AND MUSIC LESSONS

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 11:37:08 -0400

According to a new study published by the American Psychological Association in the journal Neuropsychology, learning a musical instrument as a child may help protect cognitive health in older age. As part of the study, 70 adults aged 60 to 83 were recruited and divided into conditions dependent on their level of musical training. For the study, three groups existed: no musical training, one to nine years of musical training, and 10 or more years of musical training. To rule out the impact of third variables, all participants had the same levels of education, fitness, and did have Alzheimer’s disease. To test the impact of previous music lessons, researchers asked participants to perform a number of different cognitive tasks. Results showed that those older adults with the most musical background had higher scores on a number of cognitive tasks including tasks requiring use of visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility. Researcher Brenda Hanna-Paddy explains that learning and practicing a musical instrument may help bolster cognitive fitness and help the brain to "compensate for cognitive decline as we get older." While more research with larger sample sizes will be required, this research raises of number of interesting issues about the benefit of music in protecting brain health.

REVISIONS TO DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 11:34:24 -0400

Earlier this week, the National Institute on Aging released new revisions to the clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease. This marks the first time in 27 years that the diagnostic criteria have been revised. The newly revised diagnostic criteria were developed by the National Institute of Health and the Alzheimer’s Association. As part of the update, preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease are described. Whereas the earlier criteria only addressed the later stages of Alzheimer’s disease, the new revisions outline a broader spectrum of the disease. The new guidelines also outline use of imaging and biomarkers found in blood and spinal fluid to detect early indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. Richard J. Hodes, director of the National Institute on Aging explains, "Alzheimer’s research has greatly evolved over the past quarter of a century. Bringing the diagnostic guidelines up to speed with those advances is both a necessary and rewarding effort that will benefit patients and accelerate the pace of research." According to William Thies, chief medical and scientific officer at the Alzheimer’s Association, publication of the new guidelines mark an important milestone for the field. As he explains, "our vision is that this process will result in improved diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s, and will drive research that ultimately will enable us to detect and treat the disease earlier and more effectively. This will allow more people to live full, rich lives without - or with a minimum of - Alzheimer’s symptoms."

NATIONAL MEMORY SCREENING

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 11:34:08 -0400

The Alzheimer’s Foundation for Caregiving in Canada is offering free and confidential memory screenings for Canadians. The 4th annual National Memory Screening Day (NMSD) will be held on June 14th across the country as a part of Seniors’ Month. Currently approximately 100 pharmacies across Canada will be offering the screening. AFCC founder and chief executive officer Eric J. Hall is inviting healthcare professionals to conduct screenings in their communities. The AFCC is recommending that those concerned about memory loss or who believe they may be at risk for dementia, attend a screening in their community. For more information about screening locations, please visit http://www.nationalmemoryscreening.ca/sites.php.

GULLIBILITY: AN EARLY WARNIGN SIGN?

Mon, 18 Apr 2011 16:51:14 -0400

According to researchers from the University of California, individuals with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease struggle with understanding sarcasm and lies. As part of their study, researchers invited a group of 175 older adults. The group included both healthy adults and those with different neurodegenerative diseases. All participants were invited into the lab and asked to watch videos of social interactions. The videos showed two people having a conversation with one person occasionally telling a lie or using sarcasm. After viewing the videos, participants were asked simple yes and no questions about the conversation content. Results showed that those participants with neurodegenerative diseases had difficulty spotting lies and sarcasm. Those with frontotemporal dementia had the most difficulty in detecting lies and sarcasm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans allowed researchers to see the link between deterioration in specific areas of the brain and the individual’s inability to spot sarcasm or lies in the video speech. The discovery that those with neurodegenerative diseases struggle with detecting sarcasm and lies may help in diagnosing the conditions. According to Katherin Rankin, one of the senior authors of the study, "these patients cannot detect lies. This fact can help them be diagnosed earlier."

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE ENTERS SECOND STAGE

Mon, 18 Apr 2011 16:50:28 -0400

The groundbreaking Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Study is now entering its second phase and is seeking new volunteers to aid in the research. Approximately 55 sites across the United States and Canada will be set up to accommodate approximately 1,000 volunteer participants aged 55 to 90. As part of the study, participants will be monitored for any brain structure changes and functional changes as they transition from normal cognitive aging to mild cognitive impairments. According to John Olichney, associate professor of neurology "the study will use imaging techniques and biomarker measures in blood and cerebrospinal fluid specifically designed to track changes in the living brain. We hope to identify who is at risk for Alzheimer’s, track progression of the disease and devise tests to measure the effectiveness of potential interventions." In addition to tracking these changes, researchers will also be collecting cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples to test for biomarkers and to conduct genetic analyses. The Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative has already made important strides and discoveries. In the first part of the study, researchers established biomarkers and imaging techniques that could predict risk for cognitive decline and diagnose changes to dementia.

RESTORING DAMAGE: TORONTO RESEARCHERS MAKE A SURPRISING DISCOVERY

Mon, 18 Apr 2011 16:49:35 -0400

Canadian researchers at the Toronto Western Hospital have discovered that the brain may be more able to rebuild and repair than was previously believed. As part of the research, scientists followed 29 patients who had received surgery because of a rare vascular disorder. The surgery was needed to improve blood flow to the brain and lower the individuals’ risk for a major stroke. The interesting discovery was made one year after participants had undergone the surgery. Much to the surprise of researchers, at one year follow up participant brains had grown. The brain areas that were previously starved of oxygen had shown significant increase in thickness (average of 5-percent). The fact that actual brain tissue that had been damaged was restored was a shock to researchers. Michael Tymianski of the Krembil Neuroscience Centre explains, "to our surprise, they experienced a restoration of their cerebral cortex." While these results are encouraging about the brain’s ability to heal itself, there are many unanswered questions raised by this discovery. It is too early to say if these results can be extended to a broader population. As explained by Dr. Tymianski, "the operation may have a role in the broader population, but it is much too early to tell."

REGIONAL STRATEGIES IN THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES

Wed, 13 Apr 2011 10:31:59 -0400

The Alzheimer Societies in the four Atlantic Provinces are calling for strategies in facing Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias to be established at the provincial level. A report by the Alzheimer Society of New Brunswick illustrates the urgent need for provincial strategies. According to the report, over the next 30 years New Brunswick will face $19.5 billion in added health costs associated with the rise in dementia. Executive director of the Alzheimer Society of New Brunswick Chandra MacBean says "we definitely do believe that we can better integrate the care system. The needs are the same no matter where we live and, obviously, by coming together and communicating a shared message to our governments there are benefits in that we will be able to work together to achieve change in the lives of people with dementia." As MacBean explains, a strategy is needed to help build a united and targeted approach to facing the economic and social impact of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

INNOVATIVE PROGRAM IN ALBERTA

Wed, 13 Apr 2011 10:31:20 -0400

A new program from Alberta Health Services is taking an innovative community-based approach to supporting families coping with early stage dementia. The Memory P.L.U.S. (Practice, Laughter, Useful Strategies) began in Victoria, British Columbia and has been operating since 2008. The program offers education and tips in an informal and social environment. The information is shared through social activities, music, memory games, and exercises. Couples sign up to be part of the 12-week programs and as part of the activities, couples make "memory books." Couples who have gone through the program speak highly about the benefits of the sessions. Program participant Marie Cameron explained, "I have learned so much as a caregiver. I now realize how important body language is, and to give verbal clues rather than answering for my husband."

NEW HANDBOOK PROMOTES COGNITIVE FITNESS

Wed, 13 Apr 2011 10:28:43 -0400

A new handbook published by a Canadian company aims to help people living with Alzheimer’s disease and their loved ones by providing practical and easy-to-use cognitive activities. The handbook is aimed at care partners and provides 90 different cognitive activities to help stimulate brain activity in those with dementia. The activities cover five central areas of cognition: language and music, visual and special orientation, memory, critical thinking, and computation. Included in the handbook are recommendations for physical exercise and ways to focus on having fun. Fit Minds Cognitive Health Products Inc. is a company that offers Canadians a range of products to help promote cognitive health. This handbook is the first in what is expected to be a full line of products focused on promoting meaningful interactions and supporting quality of life for individuals with cognitive impairments. According to Nicole Scheidl, CEO of Fit Minds, "The brain and its synapses and pathways get stronger with use and weaker with disuse and this handbook offers a series of activities and exercises that can help to exercise the brain." For more information on the handbook, please visit: http://www.fitminds.ca/products/

BEHIND BARS: DEMENTIA AMONG AGING PRISONERS

Mon, 4 Apr 2011 13:27:27 -0400

The reality of dementia among incarcerated Canadians is seldom discussed. Inmates with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias face unique circumstances and possible dangers behind bars. A program begun in a California prison in 2009 may serve as a model for other correctional institutions facing the "rising tide" of dementia. As part of the program, volunteers with 10 years of exemplary behaviour were trained to be "social aides" and assist fellow inmates with dementia. Sara Bartlett, a clinical social worker explained the program at the International Conference of Alzheimer’s Disease. As Bartlett explains, inmates trained as aides "were very compassionate, protective, connected with the inmate patients." Dr. Duncan Scott of Queen’s University in Kingston Ontario has high praise for the program and calls the work "absolutely phenomenal." Scott works with aging inmates at the Warkworth Institution. As Scott explains, "it’s work, no doubt, that we’ll be trying to replicate at some time in the future."

CREATIVE-EXPRESSION ACTIVITIES: ARE THEY BEING USED?

Mon, 4 Apr 2011 13:26:53 -0400

Creative-expression activities are important for people living with dementia in long-term care facilities. According to Dr. Peter Graf of the Memory and Cognition Laboratory at the University of British Columbia, "activities with creative dimension encourage the development of new ways of communicating and new ways of interacting with others." While the value of creative-expression has gained attention and interest, actual implementation of activities and programs in long-term care facilities has been slow. In a recent survey of 120 centers offering care for those living with dementia, only 50 percent offered creative-expression activities. While 60 percent of centers reported having the materials needed to carry out creative-expression activities, the supplies were not always made available to residents. For example, while 60 percent reported having art supplies, supplies were available to less than 40 percent of residents. According to Dr. Gottlieb-Tanaka of the University of British Columbia, care facilitators’ beliefs about the benefits of creative expression may "limit the provision ... development of, and access to, creative-expression programs. Research proves that people with dementia are capable of expressing themselves in many ways, and it is up to s to notice it and use it in an effort to communicate with them." Dr. Gottieb-Tanaka founded the Society for the Arts in Dementia Care in British Columbia and is well acquainted with the benefits of creative-expression activities. As she explains, the benefits include "helping people stay connected with the world around them; temporarily reducing agitation and depression; increasing socialization; improving relationships with staff; increasing satisfaction and self-fulfillment, and even reducing stress for the staff."

NEW GENE DISCOVERY

Mon, 4 Apr 2011 13:26:01 -0400

A team of Canadian researchers are part of a larger consortium that has made an important medical discovery. The team of Alzheimer’s disease researchers identified four genes that increase the risk of dementia later in life. Dr. Peter St. George-Hyslop of the University of Toronto’s Tanz Centre for Research in Neurogenerative Diseases explains, "this represents new information about the pathway that causes Alzheimer’s. Several of the genes were genes we didn’t know about and they are going to quite richly tell us more about the disease. I think they are going to be very valuable in the next few years and might even lead us to diagnostic or treatment markers with potential to slow down the disease." With these new discoveries, researchers have what St. George-Hyslop describes as "a whole new range of possibilities." The research was conducted by the Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium. The initiative consisted of genetic analysis of over 11,000 people living with Alzheimer’s disease and 11,000 people with no symptoms of dementia. The study was partially funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Alzheimer Society of Ontario.

CULTURAL CONTEXT

Mon, 4 Apr 2011 13:25:34 -0400

An emerging approach to dementia diagnosis and treatment takes cultural context into account. As an example of the importance of adapting established tools to better serve the community, Robin Shawanoo of the Alzheimer Society’s First Nations First Link program describes the diagnostic tools used within the Oneida First Nation community. Whereas the original test asks people to name the similarities between a watch and a ruler, the memory test that Shawanoo and colleagues use asks individuals to name the similarities between corn and squash. As Shawanoo explains, "even though they seem so few, they were big, big changes and they changed the whole complexion of it." Dr. Kristen Jacklin of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine at Laurentian University conducts research about dementia in aboriginal communities. According to Jacklin, a lot can be learned from the aboriginal perception of dementia. Jacklin explains, "they have a much more natural perception of the illness and one that is more accepting than mainstream society." Shawanoo explains that the First Nations communities view dementia as a more natural part of aging, with no specific word for dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Incorporating culturally relevant symbols and encouraging brain fitness in culturally appropriate ways will be an key concern in the coming years.

LISTENING FOR THE NEW MELODY

Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:37:58 -0400

People living with dementia, their friends and family members, and professionals gathered at the Sheraton Center on Saturday March 26th to learn from and listen to the lived experiences of those with dementia. Hosted by the Murray Alzheimer and Research Education Program (MAREP) at the University of Waterloo, the interactive forum called A Changing Melody was held in conjunction with the 26th International Conference of Alzheimer’s Disease International. As the first international A Changing Melody forum, people from around the globe gathered to learn from one another and share ways to empower those with dementia. The day featured a number of speakers from Canada, Australia, Scotland, and the United States. This year’s theme was "Coping, Adapting, Enabling, Creating: Striking a Balance." Session topics included coping with stigma and fear, adapting to change so as to enhance well-being, enabling persons with dementia, and creating strong partnerships in dementia care. The day was filled with thoughtful discussions, candid reflections, musical moments, and artistic expressions. As explained by Sherry Dupuis, director of MAREP, "people with dementia, family members and professionals experience personal transformations by interacting together at the forum. It is that powerful. We are all changed people when we leave the event."

BUDGET COMMITMENT

Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:37:03 -0400

Finance Minister Jim Flaherty announced a promise to invest $100-million in the Canada Brain Research Fund this past week. The money will establish a public-private partnership called the Canada Brain Research Fund and will be led by Brain Canada, the Neurological Health Charities Canada and the Canadian Association for Neuroscience. This partnership would use an interdisciplinary collaborative model in research. Rupert Duchesne, Chair of Brain Canada is optimistic about this commitment: "I believe people will look back years from now and recognize today as a turning point for neuroscience in Canada. We congratulate the government for making this investment in an area critical to the well-being of Canadians." Others are equally enthusiastic about this commitment. Dr. Brian MacVicar of the Canadian Association for Neuroscience said, "this is wonderful news of brain research in Canada, and should lead to great discoveries."

COOKING UP SUPPORT

Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:36:56 -0400

As part of the dementia journey, household chores undoubtedly change and shift. As Sean McFadden of the Alzheimer Society of Leeds-Grenville heard concerns from men in his support group, navigating their way in the kitchen was a real concern when their spouses needed support in preparing meals. In McFadden’s support group, some of the men explained that they were afraid of the kitchen, confused by cookbooks, and worried about being able to preparing proper meals for their spouses living with dementia. Some of the men were also worried about the impact that "taking charge" in the kitchen might have on their already distressed wives. To address these needs, McFadden started a program called Get the Tools, I’m Ready to Cook. As part of the program, a group of women from a local Presbyterian Church taught men in the group to prepare simple and nutritious meals. Moira Gilmer, one of the instructors explains, "a lot of these men used to come home from work and their dinner was ready, they didn’t have to think about it." In addition to cooking advice, the sessions included safety precautions such as keeping a fire extinguisher in the kitchen.

THE CHANGING FACE OF DEMENTIA

Thu, 31 Mar 2011 13:36:24 -0400

Experts from around the globe gathered in Toronto to share knowledge, experience, and ideas about treatment and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. The 26th International Conference of Alzheimer’s Disease International takes place March 26th to March 29th at the Sheraton Center in downtown Toronto. The Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) is made up of over 70 Alzheimer’s disease associations from across the globe. The ADI was first founded in 1984 to encourage international sharing of information, strategies, and skills. The annual conference is an opportunity to facilitate the sharing. This year’s theme is The Changing Face of Dementia and highlights the need to rethink the way we understand and treat dementia. Sessions throughout the conference shed light on prevention and early diagnosis, clinical aspects of dementias, interventions, enhancing care and support, lifestyle and quality of life issues, and broader social issues/models of dementia.

FAMILY CONFLICT IN CAREGIVERS

Mon, 21 Mar 2011 10:18:29 -0400

When family members take on the role of care partners, a number of new stressors are added to family relationships. A new study conducted for the Home Instead Senior Care® network takes a closer look at sibling dynamics when caring for a senior loved one. As explained by Maya Khoosal of Home Instead Senior Care in Waterloo, sibling conflicts are not uncommon when an older parent requires care. Khoosal explains, "making decisions together, dividing the workload and teamwork are the keys to overcoming family conflict." According to the study, there are four key factors that determine whether or not relationships among adult children deteriorate or the quality of care is compromised. These four factors are: teamwork, consideration for each other’s ability to help out, willingness to help, and the ability to make important together. Among those families who did report deterioration in sibling relationships, 40 percent attributed the deterioration on their sibling’s unwillingness to help. Results also revealed that care is often not shared equally; with 41 percent of families one sibling has most of the responsibility of supporting the parents. Alongside the study, Home Instead Senior Care launched the 50-50 RuleSM, a public education campaign that aims to help seniors work cooperatively to provide care for their parents.

IGNATIEFF PROMISES TO CARE FOR ELDERLY CANADIANS

Mon, 21 Mar 2011 10:17:38 -0400

Liberal leader Michael Ignatieff visited the Seniors’ Resource Centre in Brantford where he shared promises to support aging Canadians. Ignatieff said he would work to improve the lives of aging Canadians by strengthening the Canada pension plan, allow six months of employment insurance for those caring for older adults, as well as establishing a national plan to address Alzheimer’s disease in Canada. Ignatieff said "we’ve got to look at the whole way in which we apportion taxes in this society so that we achieve that goal that I started out with, no senior in poverty." Ignatieff is also promising more day care spaces in facilities across Canada. In the coming years, we will see increased governmental attention to the needs of older adults.

EDEN: A NEW PHILOSOPHY IN CARE

Mon, 21 Mar 2011 10:16:31 -0400

The Nanaimo Travellers Lodge plans to lead the way in modern residential care facilities. The organization wants to build a compassionate and caring environment for people living with dementia to call home. Eden Gardens, a 120-bed residential care facility, will be built on two hectares of land in British Columbia. The vision behind this planned facility is being called the "Eden Care philosophy" and focuses on the use of plant, music, and art therapy to create a compassionate and home-like environment for those living with dementia. As it stands, the Nanaimo Travellers Lodge operates a 90-bed facility and is in discussions with the Vancouver Island Health Authority to move forward as project partners and increase the facility by 30 beds. Greg Gaudaur, administrator of the lodge says "our work to date with VIHA has been promising and we’re going forward on the premise that the building project will be proceeding." With the projected increase in people living with dementia in Canada, facilities like Eden Gardens will continue gain attention and demand.

HOWE FUND FOR ALZHEIMER’S RAISES $1.1 MILLION

Mon, 21 Mar 2011 10:15:46 -0400

Gordie Howe may have gained fame through his hockey career, but his extensive work in raising money for Alzheimer’s disease research in Canada has become an important part of his public identity. This past week, the Gordie & Colleen Howe Fund for Alzheimer’s raised $1.1 million from the Scotiabank Pro-Am Hockey Tournament in Calgary. Howe was in Calgary to help launch the popular event and welcome the former NHL players who were taking part in the tournament. Famous players included Dave 'Tiger' Williams, Lanny McDonald, and Marty McSorley. Gordie Howe’s commitment to the cause stems from his wife Colleen’s battle with Pick’s disease. Colleen Howe lost her battle two years ago at the age of 76. Marty Howe explains the family’s faith in future scientific discoveries, "they’re going to find a cure. It’s just a matter of time. Research gets better and better every year. I know they’ve made improvements even since four years ago."

IS THE LIVER THE SOURCE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE?

Mon, 14 Mar 2011 10:32:20 -0400

Researchers have made a surprising discovery: the harmful plaques found in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease may actually originate in the liver. This discovery was made by a team of researchers from the Scripps Research Institute and ModGene, LLC and was recently published in The Journal of Neuroscience Research. As part of the study, researchers examined genes in mice that protected against the build-up of amyloid in the brain. Results showed that lower expression in the liver for each of these genes helped to protect against amyloid build up. Lead researcher Greg Sutcliffe explains "This unexpected finding holds promise for the development of new therapies to fight Alzheimer's. This could greatly simplify the challenge of developing therapies and prevention." More researcher will be needed to greater understand the results of this study, but it introduces a new and exciting pathway for future research.

A DIFFERENT DRUG DIRECTION

Mon, 14 Mar 2011 10:31:27 -0400

An experimental drug targeting Alzheimer’s disease has been shown to attack beta amyloid in early studies. The drug is called bapineuzumab and is being developed by Pfizer Inc. and Johnson & Johnson. Initial studies of bapineuzumab showed that the drug was able to shrink clumps of beta amyloid by 25 percent. While these results are impressive, the study was small and included only 28 patients. In recent studies, researchers have questioned whether or not the clumps of beta amyloid are the real culprits behind the devastation of Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies suggest that beta amyloid in cerebrospinal fluid, the substance that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, may be more important than previously believed. Researchers at Johnson & Johnson discovered that in addition to reducing the soluble beta amyloid in the brain, the drug neutralizes some of the beta amyloid found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Gene Kinney, head of research for Johnson & Johnson explains, "we can feel very comfortable that it is engaging both soluble and insoluble forms. What it suggests is you’ve got an antibody approach that can interact with both forms of amyloid." The drug has received mixed results in a mid-stage clinical trial, but is now being tested in late-stage studies.

PUSH FOR A NATIONAL STRATEGY

Mon, 14 Mar 2011 10:30:34 -0400

Doctors, researchers, and scientists are speaking out about the urgent need for a national strategy in facing the rising cases of Alzheimer’s disease in Canada. According to Dr. Aristotle Voinesko, of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, “we need long-term strategies. That’s crucial for good scientific research.” The call for a national strategy has more recently gained public attention, but has been a concern for The Alzheimer Society of Canada for a number of years. Strides are being made in the push for a national plan, especially in light of the recently published Rising Tide report. Last December, Conservative MP James Rajotte put forth a motion calling for national attention to the rising cost and social consequences of Alzheimer’s disease. The motion was passed unanimously. While there is a great deal of promise and push for more structured collaboration, the federal government is hesitant to support a national strategy. Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq was quoted as saying "our government has made significant investments in the area of research on dementia." A successful national strategy would co-ordinate research, prevention, improving efficiency, communication and services to Canadians.

RHONDA’S STRANGE ADVENTURE

Mon, 7 Mar 2011 18:38:00 -0500

Rhonda Cohen’s diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease changed her life in many ways. While she struggles with symptoms of the disease, Cohen has turned her fight into a personal mission. The Montreal resident has been working hard to demystify Alzheimer’s disease, in particular by educating youth. Cohen has written a book called "Rhonda’s Strange Adventure" that aims to give young readers information about Alzheimer’s disease. The book also opens up the opportunity for parents to discuss the disease with their children. As Cohen explains, "it's nice for them to understand, because the parents, their grandparents - they're still the same people." A quote taken from her book explains Cohen’s thoughts, "So you can see that my memory is weak, But my life is not dreary and bleak. I love to laugh and cherish those I hold dear, Because I feel no shame and have not given in to fear." For more information on "Rhonda’s Strange Adventure" please visit the Alzheimer Group Inc. at http://www.agiteam.org/.

BRAINWAVE CANADA

Mon, 7 Mar 2011 18:37:02 -0500

This past week marked the launch of Canada’s first National Brain Awareness Month. The launch was marked by a gathering of 300 people living with brain conditions, their families, researchers, clinicians, brain health charities and policy makers. The event, called Brainwave 2011, was hosted by the Neurological Health Charities of Canada. According to Chair of Neurological Health Charities Canada Joyce Gordon, "Our hope is that BRAINWAVE 2011 helps create a platform for increased collaboration and dialogue. With as many as 11 million Canadians affected, we can't ignore the social, health and economic impact of brain conditions any longer. It will take all of us working together to make brain health a priority." As part of Brain Awareness Month, a number of events are planned in communities across the country. For more information on events in your area, please visit the NHCC website at: www.mybrainmatters.ca.

QUEBEC INVESTS IN SENIORS

Mon, 7 Mar 2011 18:36:07 -0500

In an announcement this past Thursday, Quebec Premier Jean Charest and Health Minister Yves Bolduc shared plans to allocate an additional $150 million for services for seniors in the next fiscal year. The new plan, called Aging at Home, aims to help Quebec residents retain their independence and dignity and remain at home for longer. The money will be divided between home care services, hospital aftercare programs, long term care facilities, and research into Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Premier Jean Charest said that he wants Quebec to be the first society to fully embrace aging and see it not as a problem, but as a change that can be lived with comfortably. As he explained, "we have to change our attitude in Quebec towards an aging society."

CANADIAN RESEARCHERS

Mon, 7 Mar 2011 18:35:23 -0500

Two Canadian researchers from the University of British Columbia have been awarded one of the country’s most prestigious research awards, the 2011 Killam Research Fellowships. Chemist Chris Orvig and evolutionary biologist Dolph Schulter were awarded $70,000 a year for three years. Chris Orgiv will continue his work investigating different compounds that change the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Professor Orvig has been recognized for his work in 2009 when he won the Rio Tinto Alcan Award from the Canadian Society of Chemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry. In 2010, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Orvig’s continued research will help forward the Canadian effort to understand Alzheimer’s disease and move towards treatments.

MONTREAL CELLPHONE APPLICATION

Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:21:28 -0500

The recent disappearance of Montreal resident Giovanna Carbonaro di Negro has raised the debate surrounding the use of GPS tracking devices to protect the safety of people living with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. While di Negro was found safe and sound 22 hours after her disappearance, many stories have not ended so happily. Equipping those with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias with GPS tracking devises had been discussed by Montreal police earlier this year, but plans to move ahead with the project was put on hold last fall. Recent disappearances have raised interest in the various products on the market that help to track the movements of wandering individuals with the disease. For example, Montreal computer programmer John Brohan has developed a new GPS tracking application called ALZ-Locate. This application is one of the many downloadable tracking apps available to users today. While these new applications may be useful, they remain controversial because of the ethical debate surrounding the privacy rights of the person with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. As Montreal social worker April Hayward explains, because these devices and applications have not been studied, the Alzheimer Society is reluctant to make any recommendations. As she stated, "the last thing we want to do is to start pushing new things on people that are not tested." In the years to come, we will see a growth in the availability of such tracking devices which will, hopefully, allow researchers to study their effectiveness in guarding the safety of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia who are prone to wandering.

MISDIAGNOSIS MORE COMMON THAN PREVIOUSLY BELIEVED

Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:20:30 -0500

A new study out of Hawaii suggests that those with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias may actually be misdiagnosed more frequently than was previously believed. As part of the study, the brains of 426 Japanese-American male residents of Hawaii were autopsied after death, 211 of whom had received a diagnosis of dementia. Results of the investigation showed that only half of those who had received a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease had sufficient brain lesions to support the diagnosis. There was more accuracy in the diagnosis of those with a diagnosis of Lewy body dementia and vascular dementia. Lead investigator Dr. Lon White explained, "larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and provide insight as to how many may more accurately diagnose and prevent Alzheimer’s disease and other principal dementing disease processes in the elderly." The results of this study will be presented at the Contemporary and Clinical Issues and Case Studies Plenary Session on Wednesday, April 13, 2011, at the 2011 American Academy of Neurology’s Annual Meeting in Honolulu.

ALZHEIMER’S CAFE OPENS IN NOVA SCOTIA

Mon, 28 Feb 2011 10:10:06 -0500

The first Alzheimer Cafe in Canada will soon open its doors in Antigonish , Nova Scotia. The model of the Alzheimer Cafe was first realized in the Netherlands and since has spread to communities across Europe and more recently the United States. The central goal of the Alzheimer Cafe is to reduce social isolation and provide a comfortable, non-institutional setting for people with Alzheimer’s disease, their loved ones, and members of the general public to socialize. Elizabeth McGibbon, the organizer behind the cafe, explains that those with Alzheimer’s disease often face social isolation. Dr. McGibbon says, "we often have a situation where people stay home. It can be very difficult to get people with dementia to go out in public. Social interactions are very, very difficult." The social support model behind the cafe has been implemented in different projects across Canada, but the cafe in Antigonish is the first of its kind. While the project has been piloted already, the cafe will officially open its doors early next month .

HEARING LOSS AND DEMENTIA

Tue, 22 Feb 2011 16:36:13 -0500

According to a new study funded by the National Institute on Aging, hearing loss may be linked to dementia. The study followed 639 participants aged 36-90 years. Participants were tested for initial hearing loss between 1990 and 1994 and were tested again in 2008 for development of dementia. Results showed that those with hearing loss were more likely to have developed dementia. Those with more severe cases of hearing loss were at higher risk of dementia. According to lead researcher Dr. Frank Lin of Johns Hopkins medical school, hearing loss could lead to social isolation and mental strain raising the risk of dementia. Hearing loss could also be an early symptom of dementia. Dr. Lin plans to investigate this link further by studying the cognitive effects of hearing aids. While researchers did find a link, it is important to remember that this is only the first step in a larger project and more work will need to be done.

WANDERING AND WATERLOO REGION

Tue, 22 Feb 2011 16:33:17 -0500

Wandering behaviours among those with Alzheimer’s disease is a significant area of concern for many families, according to executive director of the Alzheimer Society of Kitchener-Waterloo Carol Taylor. "There are some strategies families can use," Taylor explains. Contacting a local chapter of the Alzheimer Society can be a first step in seeking support. In the home, doorways can be camouflaged to discourage wandering outside as well as door alerts to sound when a person is leaving the home. An important part of safeguarding against wandering behaviour may be ensuring enough exercise and activity in a safe environment. As Taylor explains, allowing a person to walk around freely in the home may discourage outdoor wandering. Indoor wandering, "even if they wear out the carpet" Taylor explains, "is safer than outdoor wandering". There are a number of technological options available to families who wish to monitor the location of their loved ones. Because of the ethical debate of monitoring a person’s movements, Taylor and the Alzheimer Society are reluctant to endorse any tracking technology. Tracking devices and motion detectors are some of the options available to families today. In addition, the Alzheimer Society has a Safely Home program which helps police search if a person wanders.

METAL MAPPING

Tue, 22 Feb 2011 16:32:09 -0500

Canadian researchers from McMaster University in Hamilton Ontario and the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon are working to establish new brain imaging techniques to map and measure different biological metals in the brain. While brains need iron, copper, manganese, and zinc there is evidence that these substances might play a role in certain diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. In the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease, for example, excess copper and zinc can form harmful plaques. Dr. Nicholas Bock of McMaster University in Hamilton explains the research question at hand: "how do you measure metal in the brain of a living person? Right now there is no way to actually do that." Dr. Bock continues to explain that while biological metals are needed for things like the production of neurotransmitters, too much can be harmful. "It has to be perfectly in balance," he says. "If there is too little, the brain stops functioning. Too much, and there is tissue damage." The Canadian Foundation for Innovation recently awarded Dr. Bock $120,000 to fund development of new ways to detect manganese and other metals in the brain on an MRI test. In addition to the work being done at McMaster University, researcher Dr. Nichol and colleagues at the University of Saskatchewan are investigating biological metals with the use of a synchrotron, a bright light used to examine the very minute structure of materials. Canadian researchers will continue to make an important mark in this area of research in the coming years.

BLOOD TEST DETECTS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE BEFORE SYMPTOMS APPEAR

Mon, 14 Feb 2011 10:19:15 -0500

Scientists have discovered a new blood test technology that may allow doctors to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease even before symptoms appear. The new technology uses synthetic molecules to seek out and identify disease-specific antibodies. In those with Alzheimer’s disease, immune system activation may result in antibodies in the serum that could serve as biomarkers. The new blood test technology consists of an "immune-system reader" that would allow doctors to detect the presence of Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms appear. Three potential immune-system reading peptoids were studied, with two of the peptoids showing promise as biomarkers. According to researcher Dr. Dwight German, "these results of this study, though preliminary, show great potential for becoming a landmark."

A NEW MODEL FOR SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY

Mon, 14 Feb 2011 10:18:33 -0500

A healthcare innovation report published by the University of Pennsylvania outlines the importance of a new model that emphasizes cross-institutional research collaboration, rapid dissemination of results, and public access to data. This model differs from the competitive drug discover models followed by many pharmaceutical companies. The report points to the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) as an example of an effective cooperative model. The ADNI provides access to data from over 800 research sites across the United States and Canada. Terry Fadem, manager of biosciences initiative at the Mack Center for Technological Innovation at Wharton says "ADNI creates an opportunity to study a large and significant body of patients." Fadem goes on to say that the ADNI is a "phenomenally good" collaborative initiative.

CANADIAN DISCOVERY

Mon, 14 Feb 2011 10:18:30 -0500

A team of Toronto researchers has discovered that a specific gene is important in learning, memory, and the structure of the brain in older age, making some people more vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease. According to the research team led by Aristotle Voineskos of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the gene produces a protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF nourishes and protects neurons, and promotes neuron growth. Researchers used brain imaging to examine different gene variants and their consequences. In the study, 41 people who carried the most common version of the gene showed differences in brain areas associated with memory when compared with participants carrying other forms of the gene. Age-related differences were visible, as explained by Dr. Voineskos. "Their brains are starting to change," he said "you have these structural weaknesses that make you more vulnerable to other genetic or environmental influences." Dr. Voineskos suggests that the changes may pose a risk for later development of Alzheimer’s disease. While volunteers with the brain changes did not show signs of memory impairments, they did score lower on tests of verbal and visual-spatial memory. According to Dr. Voineskos, the next step is to see how brains change and whether or not they develop Alzheimer’s disease.

MICROBLEEDS AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Tue, 8 Feb 2011 13:40:10 -0500

A new review of five studies suggests that brain microbleeds may explain how damaged blood vessels and protein build-up cause the damage associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Brain microbleeds are caused by tiny ruptured blood vessels. Previously, microbleeds were believed to be harmless and not related to disease development. According to the review, 23 percent of those with Alzheimer’s disease also had brain microbleeds. According to Wiesje van der Flier of the Visje Medical Centre in Amsterdam, "we now proposed that microbleeds are an example of amyloid pathology meets vascular damage." This review reveals that Alzheimer’s disease is not the same for everyone, says senior director of Medical and Scientific Relations at the Alzheimer’s Association Maria C. Carrillo. As Carrillo summarizes, " [a microbleed] could be a contributor in some people, and in others it's not. So we can't look at it as the only cause, but it's important to see what its role is in people who actually have one."

CANADIAN RESEARCHER IS OPTIMISTIC

Tue, 8 Feb 2011 13:38:48 -0500

Dr. Patrick McGeer, a former British Columbia cabinet minister, insists that a cure for Alzheimer’s disease is within our grasp. Dr. McGeer may be 83 years old, but still works tirelessly as a research team leader and president of the Canadian Dementia Action Network (CDAC). McGeer explains that "we know what the target is", referring to amyloid plaques in the brain. "We don’t know which biochemicals are going to hit the target well enough to get rid of the disease, but we know it’s going to happen. It’s not difficult from a biochemical point of view, and we should pursue it vigorously." While there are no promises in preventative measure in protecting against Alzheimer’s disease, there are a number of good practices Dr. McGeer recommends in protecting brain health. Protecting the head from injury, following a healthy diet, engaging in adequate exercise, managing stress, and getting enough sleep are a few examples of lifestyle choices that may protect brain health.

DIABETES DRUG

Tue, 8 Feb 2011 13:37:49 -0500

A drug originally designed to treat people living with diabetes may actually be useful in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Jack Jhamandas of the University of Alberta and his research team discovered in a lab investigation that the drug AC253 blocked effects of a protein present in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease. As Dr. Jhamandas explains, the link between Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes has long been the topic of study. A protein similar to one seen in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease is present in the pancreas of those with diabetes. Dr. Jhamandas says "this is very exciting because I think that it gives us an opportunity to develop drugs that are based on these sort of compounds with a view of preventing or treating Alzheimer’s disease. And we’re fairly condiment that we’re going to find that, based on what we have ascertained so far." While more research is needed, this discovery is an important Canadian contribution and a step forward in finding a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.

NEW PROGRAM FOR FAMILIES

Tue, 8 Feb 2011 13:37:45 -0500

A new support program for family members with loved ones living with Alzheimer’s disease is being introduced in March by the Alzheimer Society of B.C. As part of this new program, family members will be offered one-on-one support as well as group phone sessions and online seminars about coping with stress and feelings of loss along the journey of the disease. Dr. Penny MacCourt from the Centre on Aging at the University of Victoria explains that "the dementia journey requires ongoing adjustment to make changes over a long period of time that result in feelings of loss." According to Dr. MacCourt, family members need support along the journey. She explains, "you are witnessing the progression of your family member's dementia. The progression results in many changes: in your relationship, in shared activities, in roles and responsibilities, in dreams and plans for the future and in living circumstances to name just a few." Educating family members about grief and the challenges they will face can help to lighten the load.

GROWTH HORMONE: A POTENTIAL

Mon, 31 Jan 2011 12:56:59 -0500

According to a new report in the journal of Nature, a protein that plays a role in cell growth and repair also helps to improve memory. The protein, called insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), is most active during development but is also active in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a brain structure crucial in memory. According to researchers out of the Mt Sinai School of Medicine, animal testing with IGF-II showed that the substance improved memory in rats. As the researchers explained "the fact that IGF-II is naturally occurring and can cross the blood-brain barrier makes it a promising candidate for treating memory-impairing diseases or even forgetfulness." Researchers do hope that this finding may point the way towards potential drugs for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is important to note that this study is one step forward in what will be a long journey. As neuroscientist Christina Alberini explains, "any clinical applications are a long way off, as one key question remains unanswered-namely, how exactly IGF-II boosts memory." The next step, according to Alberini is to explore the mechanism at work in IGF-II and see whether the memory boosting effects can be applied to humans.

BC NEUROLOGIST INVESTIGATING NEW TECHNIQUE

Mon, 31 Jan 2011 12:56:23 -0500

Neurologist Neil Cashman and his research team out of from British Columbia are working on a new technology that could enable earlier detection of Alzheimer’s disease. According to Cashman, the new test detects precursors of plaques or the "bad actors" that cause the cognitive impairments seen in Alzheimer’s disease. These precursors are actually protein "lumps" called aggregated beta amyloid and are found in cerebral spinal fluid. As Cashman explains, "we know that these aggregate clumps occur in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and, as we just recently learned, in the spinal fluid of people with Alzheimer's disease." While the company Amorfix is currently licensing the mouse model version of the new technique, Neil Cashman and his research team are using the technology to develop a diagnostic test for use in humans with Alzheimer’s disease. The next stage in testing involves comparing the results of the spinal fluid from those with and without Alzheimer’s disease.

CANADIAN FUNDING BOOST

Mon, 31 Jan 2011 12:55:31 -0500

The federal government has announced hopes to “turn the tide” on Alzheimer’s disease in Canada. Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq shared the federal government’s pledge of $8.6 million in support of Canadian research on Alzheimer’s disease. The money will go towards funding 44 Canadian research initiatives that have been approved by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. Following the announcement Minister Leona Aglukkaq said to reporters, "it is scary, it is cruel and an unforgiving disease that rips the elderly of a lifetime of memories. Through research, we have developed a pretty clear picture of what dementia looks like. We're also beginning to understand how dementia works. We need to better understand this disease so we can develop effective strategies for its prevention, early diagnosis and treatment." In addition to this significant announcement minister of state for seniors Julian Fantino announced an additional $160,000 will be allocated toward the international Alzheimer’s disease conference that will be hosted by Toronto in March 2011.

COMMUNITY WATCH

Mon, 24 Jan 2011 15:56:43 -0500

Globe and Mail columnist Andre Picard discusses the tragic endings seen in the news when those with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias wander away from home. Picard raises an interesting discussion of the public’s normal reaction to these tragedies. According to Picard, the normal reaction is to turn to technology to protect those with dementia and their families. Picard points to the interest in GPS tracking devises and computerized motion detectors. While these devices are well intentioned and may be useful, Picard argues that the best defence against tragedies is to encourage communities to open their eyes and ears. Toronto police Sergeant David Dubé said "as a community, we have an obligation to look after each other." Picard explores the definition of community and calls on people to help build strong communities that protect and promote the rights and safety of its citizens.

ADHD AND DEMENTIA

Mon, 24 Jan 2011 15:55:39 -0500

According to research out of Argentina, those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be three times more likely to develop dementia compared to those without the disorder. More specifically, researchers discovered that Lewy body dementia was most closely related to ADHD. The study was conducted out of the Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires. Researches recruited 360 people living with dementia. Of the 360 participants, 251 had Alzheimer’s disease and 109 had Lewy body dementia. A control group consisted of 149 healthy participants. Researchers looked at whether or not participants had previously shown symptoms of ADHD. Results showed that 47.8 percent of those with Lewy body dementia had previous ADHD symptoms compared 15.2 percent of those with Alzheimer’s disease and 15.1 percent of healthy participants. According to lead investigator Angel Golimstok, "it is believed that the same neurotransmitter pathway problems are involved in the development of both conditions, so our research set out to test the theory that adult ADHD often precedes [Lewy body dementia]. Our hypothesis is that ADHD could be the clinical result of the first step in these pathway disorders, and after a long time, this problem degenerates to a more severe pathology with structural changes in the brain, as Lewy body dementia is. A question to answer in the very near future is: Could available ADHD treatment prevent the conversion to a degenerative disease such as Lewy body dementia?"

SUNNYBROOK STUDY

Mon, 24 Jan 2011 15:55:05 -0500

According to a new study out of the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, two neuropsychological tests can predict dementia 10 years before diagnosis. The neuropsychological tests include a word recall task and a matching task of numbers and symbols. Training is required to properly administer and interpret results of these tests. To investigate the predictive power of these tests, researchers recruited 1472 healthy participants in 1991 from across Canada. The same participants were tested again in 2001. Results showed that for every additional word recalled in 1991, there was an 18 percent decrease in the risk of developing dementia in 2001. While previous studies have investigated the ability of early tests to predict later development of dementia, this study shows the importance of a combination of tests. Researchers concluded that a combination of different tests is important in predicting later development of dementia. Lead investigator Dr. Mary Tierney explains, "this will be helpful for clinicians concerned about the risk of progression to dementia in patients who may be healthy or present with a variety of medical and neurological conditions such as stroke. Enhancing the long-term prediction of dementia could have important implications for clinicians who are concerned about whether their aging patients will progress to dementia or remain dementia free within a 5 or 10 year period, and offer a route to early detection of cognitive decline. This may also help us to identify patients early on who may benefit from clinical trials or treatments as they become available, as well as researching the longer term effects of the disease so we can better understand its progression in the brain and how best to approach it."

International A Changing Melody Forum

Thu, 20 Jan 2011 14:20:58 -0500

MAREP is pleased to announce that registration is now open for the International A Changing Melody Forum. Visit the link to register now.

CONSUMER REACTION TO TESTS

Sat, 15 Jan 2011 21:41:04 -0500

New genetic tests that would allow people to predict the likelihood of later developing conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and cancer have been a topic of debate among medical researchers and practitioners. Despite concerns about the psychological impact of such genetic tests, results of a new study show that many patients are in favour of these sorts of genetic tests and are not negatively impacted by the results. The Scripps Translational Science Institute examined the psychological impact of knowing the results of a genetic test. Researchers discovered that despite doctor’s concerns, patients showed no signs of psychological anxiety, distress, or negative impact five months after receiving results of the test. According to lead investigator Eric Topol, the concerns that many doctors have about these test center on patient reactions and negative impact. As this study would suggest, these concerns may be unfounded and genetic testing may be the new way forward in medical practice.

ALZHEIMER SOCIETY TO OPEN NEW BRANCH IN NAPANEE

Sat, 15 Jan 2011 21:39:17 -0500

Napanee will soon house a satellite branch of the Alzheimer Society of Kingston. According to Vicki Poffley, manager of operations at the Alzheimer Society of Kingston, "we don't have all the details yet, but we hope to open the office in the next couple months"” The need for services for those living with Alzheimer’s disease is more pronounced than ever. With the baby boomer generation, there is expected to be a significant increase in the number of people living with the disease. According to Jillian McConnell, PR and education coordinator at the Kingston branch of the Alzheimer Society "their risk of developing the disease is going to double every five years from here on"”

DEMENTIA AND DOWN SYNDROME

Sat, 15 Jan 2011 21:38:28 -0500

Canadian researchers out of the University of B.C. and Vancouver Coastal Health have made an important discovery connecting Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. Dr. Weihong Song and colleagues at the UBC Faculty of Medicine discovered that excess production of a certain protein known as Regulator of Calcineurin 1 starts a chain reaction that destroys neurons in certain regions of the brain in those with Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. Song explains, "neuron death is the primary reason for the memory loss and cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease and it's the main reason people with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer's disease long before most people, usually in their 30s"” According to the researchers, this important discovery may pave the way to discovery of new drugs. According to Song, "it will likely take years to find a therapy or drug that could block the spread of the disease and that's our next target"”

GREEN TEA

Tue, 11 Jan 2011 15:04:03 -0500

Adding a cup of green tea to one’s daily diet may help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. A new study out of Newcastle University looked closely at a concentrated green tea extract and discovered over 30 compounds (called polyphenols) were still active after digestion. Investigators looked at these compounds to see whether or not they protected the nerve cells of rats exposed to a protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Results showed that the compounds protected rat nerve cells against cell damage caused by beta-amyloid. The authors explain that these results support previous thoughts about the benefits of green tea in cognitive health. Dr. Ed Okello of Newcastle University explains "what was really exciting about this study was that we found when green tea is digested by enzymes in the gut, the resulting chemicals are actually more effective against key triggers of Alzheimer's development than the undigested form of the tea. In addition to this, we also found the digested compounds had anti-cancer properties, significantly slowing down the growth of the tumor cells which we were using in our experiments"”

ALZHEIMER’S AWARENESS IN CANADA

Tue, 11 Jan 2011 15:01:47 -0500

January marks the annual Alzheimer’s awareness month and the Alzheimer Society of Canada is determined to make significant strides this year. According to a recent survey, a startling 23% of Canadian baby boomers were unable to identify one warning sign of dementia. The Alzheimer Society is calling for a national strategy to address this lack of awareness. As Betsy Little, CEO of the Alzheimer Society of London and Middlesex says, "there are other countries in the world that have a dementia strategy. This really is key"” A national strategy would address prevention, early diagnosis, and health awareness. For more information about awareness events in your area, please visit http://www.alzheimer.ca/.

TOO MUCH EXERCISE MAY POSE RISKS

Tue, 11 Jan 2011 15:00:42 -0500

According to researchers out of the University of Toronto, too much exercise may pose a risk to cognitive health later in life. Mary Tierney and colleagues surveyed a group of healthy post-menopausal women about their exercise habits throughout life and their current cognitive functioning. Results showed that those who exercised extensively and strenuously throughout their lives had lower performance on tests of cognitive function. Researchers noted that strenuous exercise reduces the amount of oestrogen, possibly causing delayed menstruation and irregular periods. More research will be required to investigate this link as the results of this study do not establish a clear causal relationship. The study is to be published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease shortly.

BONE MINERAL DENSITY

Tue, 4 Jan 2011 10:02:08 -0500

Those with osteoporosis or low bone mineral density may be at higher risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease, according to the results of a new study conducted at the Third Military Medical University in ChongQing, China. As part of the study, researchers followed 2,019 residents aged 65 and older for five years. The bone mineral density of the participating men and women was measured at the beginning of the five year period. According to the results, those with lower bone mineral density at the start of the study had an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally researchers found that bone loss rate, cigarette smoking, daily alcohol drinking and lower leptin levels were also correlated with a higher risk of developing the disease. The key to the finding that bone mineral density is related to development of Alzheimer’s disease may be vitamin D, suggests a health observer. Vitamin D has previously been linked to both osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease. This link will need to be investigated more thoroughly in the future.

NEW CARE APPROACH PROVES BENEFICIAL

Tue, 4 Jan 2011 10:01:12 -0500

An Arizona long term care facility has tried a new approach to promoting quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s disease. The New York Times reports that Beatitudes Community in Arizona, a part of the Church of the Beatitude, has experimented with individualized care and freedom from strict meal times and sleep times. In addition to the flexible scheduling, residents are allowed to consume an alcoholic drink or chocolate if they wish. Additionally, instead of the use of diapers, the staff is diligent about taking residents to the bathroom. While this may seem more time consuming, staff discovered that it has actually been less time consuming compared to the alternative. Residents seem to be responding well to this new approach with higher reports of happiness and more ease with the provided care. With such positive results of this new approach, staff from other long term care facilities is being sent to the Beatitudes Community for training. Other facilities in the area have also begun adopting this new approach. In the future, we may see greater emphasis on promoting quality of life and individualized care for those residing in long term care facilities.

NAMING THE SIGNS

Tue, 4 Jan 2011 10:00:09 -0500

According to a newly released national survey, the early signs of Alzheimer’s disease may not be familiar to most Canadians. The survey administered by the National Alzheimer Society asked 1,000 Canadians aged 45 to 65 to name one of the early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. According to the survey results, one quarter of the baby boomers could not name a single early sign of Alzheimer’s disease. Jean Blake, chief executive officer of the Alzheimer Society of B.C. says "it’s shocking, yeah, for sure it is. Obviously we’ve got a lot of work to do to build awareness"” Early signs of the disease include memory loss affecting daily living, difficulty performing routine tasks, communication problems, personality changes, loss of initiative, disorientation, poor judgment or mood swings. The results of this survey have been released to coincide with New Year’s resolutions with the hope that it will highlight the importance of being mindful of signs of Alzheimer’s disease.

NEW MOLECULAR DISCOVERY

Mon, 20 Dec 2010 19:35:58 -0500

A team of researchers announced on Sunday that they have discovered a collection of proteins that play an important role in more than 130 brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. According to the results of their study published in Journal of Nature Neuroscience, certain proteins combine together to form a post-synaptic density or PSD. Results revealed that the PSD disrupts synaptic functioning, producing problems in the brain and symptoms of disease. Seth Grant of Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute says "we found over 130 brain diseases involve the PSD — far more than expected. The human PSD is at centre stage of a large range of human diseases affecting millions of people"” This important finding offers a new direction for the treatment of debilitating diseases affecting the brain.

EARLY DIAGNOSIS DILEMNA

Mon, 20 Dec 2010 19:34:30 -0500

Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease presents an ethical dilemma, according to some U.S. researchers. Unlike the steady improvements in early diagnosis, the race for a successful treatment or cure for the disease continues to be very slow. As Dr. Michael Raffi of the University of California explains, "I give them the diagnosis – we are getting pretty good at diagnosis now. But it’s challenging because what do we do then?" For some doctors, the uncertainty means that they are hesitant to adopt some of the new diagnostic methods. John Morris of Washington University uses the new diagnostic tests in his research, but does not use them with patients. As Morris explains, "we don't know for certain what these results mean. If you have amyloid in your brain, we don't know for certain that you will become demented, and we don't have anything we can do about it"” The use of new and advanced methods for early detection will continue to be discussed and debated in the years to come.

RESEARCH ON THE ICE

Mon, 20 Dec 2010 19:33:37 -0500

Dr. Charles Tator of the Toronto Western Hospital is interested in the National Hockey League, but for a very different reason than most other Canadians. Dr. Tator is interested in the long term consequences of repeated concussions, also known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Together with a team of Canadian neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, neurologists, physicians and psychologists, Tator hopes to examine the brains of deceased hockey players to study the damage of repeated concussions. A similar study is being run at the Boston University where researchers are examining the brains of former NFL players. In Boston, researchers have found that CTE is a degenerative condition much like Alzheimer’s disease. It causes both the personality changes and symptoms characteristic of dementia. Tator believes that understanding the consequences of repeated concussions is more important than ever before. He explained, "a study at the University of Montreal showed that even one concussion can have permanent, long-term effects". With the number of concussions in the NHL increasing, it is more important than ever to understand the consequences.

PROTEIN DEVELOPMENT

Wed, 15 Dec 2010 10:21:41 -0500

The accumulation of beta amyloid in the brain has long been considered a key contributor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. While the protein is present in healthy adult brains, in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s disease these proteins form clumps known as plaques. Previous thinking among researchers was that these clumps were caused by overproduction of the protein. New research, however, has revealed that this assumption may be incorrect. According to a newly published study out of Washington University, people living with Alzheimer’s disease appear to have normal levels of amyloid in their brain. The problem, researchers suggest, is that that the brain is unable to get rid of the protein. If this new line of thinking is correct, slowing the development of Alzheimer’s disease may mean finding ways to speed up the process of amyloid disposal. More research will be required to confirm this finding and assess new research directions.

UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA RESEARCH

Wed, 15 Dec 2010 10:20:19 -0500

The University of Manitoba will soon be partnering with an Australian University to search for answers in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease. The announcement was made on December 13th at the Riverview Health Center in Manitoba. As part of this new partnership, Brian Lithgow of Monash University in Melborne will spend six months of every year for the next five years conducting research at the Riverview Health Center. Lithgow will be working with Zahra Moussavi, a biomedical engineer at the University of Manitoba. This research focus will be early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and the researchers will be following 200 Canadians living with Alzheimer’s disease over the next five years.

PFIZER CANADA AND MCGILL PARTNERSHIP

Wed, 15 Dec 2010 10:20:15 -0500

McGill University has partnered with Pfizer Canada to start a new professorship focused on the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. A $2 million contribution from Pfizer Canada and a significant investment from McGill University will fund this new academic position. The professorship will be held by Dr. John C.S. Breitner, a renowned epidemiologist and psychiatrist coming to McGill from the United States. In this new professorship, Dr. Breitner will focus his research on identifying the risk factors associated with dementia and discovering ways to delay the onset of symptoms. McGill Principal and Vice-Chancellor Heather Munroe-Blum says "with the Pfizer Canada Professorship in the Prevention of Dementia, McGill is building on expertise that is both considerable and unique to Quebec. Partnerships with industry leaders like Pfizer are crucial in consolidating Quebec’s position as a major force in the knowledge economy and in advancing research in priority areas"”

MICE STUDY SHOWS HOPE FOR DEMENTIA

Mon, 6 Dec 2010 11:12:13 -0500

Researchers out of the University of South Florida have discovered that regulation of a certain chaperon protein called Hsp27 is needed to get rid of the abnormal protein accumulation in mice with Alzheimer-like brain changes. Researchers found that the switching between the Hsp27 active and deactivated state is important in the recycling and clearing of tau protein. This recycling prevents the harmful build-up of tau in the brain. Principal investigator Chad Dickey explained, "by better defining the mechanisms linking chaperone proteins to both the tau aggregation and degradation pathways, we can move toward more individualized, effective therapies targeting Alzheimer's and other distinct neurological disorders"” These findings were published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

BLOOD VESSELS: A NEW PIECE OF THE PUZZLE

Mon, 6 Dec 2010 11:11:06 -0500

A new piece in the puzzle of Alzheimer’s disease has been uncovered, according to researchers of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, New York. A condition known as endothelial dysfunction involves loss of nitric oxcide in cells in the outer layers of blood vessels. As researchers explain, nitric oxide is important in the widening of blood vessels, thus enabling blow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. According to the recent findings, endothelial dysfunction increases production of the material that makes up the amyloid plaques seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Results of this study may help to explain the cognitive benefits of exercise. As the senior author Dr. Zvonimir S. Katusic explains, "there is a lot of literature showing that every time you exercise, you stimulate the endothelium to produce more nitric oxide. What we have identified in this paper may help explain the reported (cognitive) benefit of exercise"”

TORONTO DEMENTIA POLICY

Mon, 6 Dec 2010 11:10:12 -0500

The City of Toronto is constructing a training and policy plan for departments across the city in order to protect the rights of citizens with dementia. The plan comes after Ombudsman Fiona Crean’s investigation of an incident involving a property standards officer and a Toronto woman living with dementia. According to the investigation, a tree was wrongfully cut from Marion Neshevich’s backyard. The investigation revealed that in 2009, a city property standards officer spoke with Ms. Neshevich about removing the tree. Since 2008, Ms. Neshevich has been living with dementia. When Ms. Neshevich’s son discovered the city plans to remove the tree, he tried unsuccessfully to determine what the city had planned and what was necessary. Despite his efforts, in March 2010 Ms. Neshevich’s tree was cut down. Ombudsman Fiona Crean said in an interview, "this is a story about a woman who had her tree erroneously cut down but, more importantly, this is about an entire class of vulnerable adults"” Ms. Crean gave the city until March 2011 to come up with the dementia specific plan and training requirements. A plan would help ensure that city workers are familiar with the indicators of cognitive impairments and know the rights of those with dementia.

CONTROLING CHOLESTOROL

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 15:38:20 -0500

A team of Austrian researchers has found support for the importance avoiding a high fat and high cholesterol diet. Researchers at the Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research at the Medical University Innsbruck in Austria conducted an animal study with rats fed either a high fat/high cholesterol or a normal diet. After a six-month period, the rats were tested for behavioural changes and biological markers associated with Alzheimer’s disease in humans. The rats on a high fat/high cholesterol diet showed signs of hypercholesterolemia as well as markers of Alzheimer’s disease including memory impairments. Dr. Christian Humpel and colleagues said in a statement, "the data are in line with earlier studies showing that high fat lipids, including cholesterol, may participate in the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease"”

ANOTHER REASON TO TAKE A WALK

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 15:37:36 -0500

New research reveals that walking may help slow the rate of cognitive decline for those with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairments, as well as healthy older adults. The 20-year studied followed 426 participants including healthy older adults, older adults with cognitive impairments, and older adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Participants recorded the amount of time they walked during the week and underwent MRI scans to track changes in brain volume. According to Dr. Cyrus Raji, lead investigator "we found that walking five miles per week protects the brain structure over 10 years in people with Alzheimer’s and MCI, especially in the areas of the brain’s key memory and learning centers. We also found that these people had a slower decline in memory loss over five years"” Dr. Raji added, "Alzheimer's is a devastating illness, and unfortunately, walking is not a cure, but walking can improve your brain's resistance to the disease and reduce memory loss over time"”

IMPROVING SERVICES FOR NOVA SCOTIA SENIORS

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 15:36:03 -0500

The Nova Scotia provincial government announced important changes to improve support for seniors living in their own homes. Health Minister Maureen MacDonald made the announcement on Friday, November 26th. As part of the new plan, an estimated $1.85 million will be allocated to improve the Caregiver Benefit program. An additional $100, 000 will be used as part of the Personal Alert Assistance Program. As part of the Personal Alert Assistance Program, eligible older adults will receive $480 per year for use towards a personal alert assistance service. Changes to the Caregiver Benefit program will expand the number of people eligible for support. Minister Maureen MacDonald said, "by targeting those with serious health needs, whether they have a cognitive impairment such as dementia or a significant physical disability, and low-income Nova Scotians, we are working hard to make life better and more affordable for more seniors and their caregivers"”

HANDI-TRANSIT FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA APPROVED

Mon, 29 Nov 2010 15:30:59 -0500

People living with dementia in Winnipeg are one step closer to being eligible to use the Hand-Transit program. After five years of negotiations, a new eligibility plan was presented to the city council’s public works committee this past week. The committee has officially approved the plan and it will before an executive policy committee in December. Winnipeg Transit plans to hire more occupational therapists to help users of the Handi-Transit system. While the new eligibility guidelines were approved, the committee has asked that Winnipeg Transit re-examine the procedures for assessing users. The current three-year period may be too long for many individuals. The move to include those with dementia in the Handi-Transit program began in 2005 when the Public Interest Law Society first made a complaint to the Manitoba Human Rights Commission on behalf of the Alzheimer Society of Manitoba.

THE IMPACT OF HORMONE THERAPY

Tue, 23 Nov 2010 13:22:19 -0500

According to researchers at Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, women taking hormone therapy only at midlife had a 26 percent decreased risk of developing dementia compared to women never on hormone therapy. Interestingly, researchers also discovered that those taking hormone therapy later in life had a 48 percent increased risk of developing dementia. For those women taking hormone therapy at both midlife and later in life, the risk of developing dementia was the similar to women who had never taken hormone therapy. According to study lead Rachel Whitmer, “this study is unique because we had a group of women who were on HT in midlife only and could look at their dementia risk over time, and we found a modest, protective association. We also found that if you start HT late in life, you have a 50 percent increased risk of dementia, which is consistent with other studies. Women should speak with their doctor about what’s best for their individual situation, however it appears from this study that women who are on short-term HT in midlife may benefit from a modest protective association, while initiation in late-life can cause harm.”

HANDI-TRANSIT FOR THOSE WITH DEMENTIA

Tue, 23 Nov 2010 13:21:39 -0500

A Winnipeg transit deal that would allow people living with dementia to use the Handi-Transit program may soon become reality. The inclusion of people with dementia in the eligibility requirements for the Handi-Transit program was first discussed 2005. The Public Interest Law Society first made a complaint to the Manitoba Human Rights Commission on behalf of the Alzheimer Society of Manitoba in 2005. Subsequently, the city was ordered to comply. After years of negotiations, the new eligibility requirements are being presented to the city council’s public works committee. These new Handi-Transit eligibility requirements will be reviewed by the committee this coming Tuesday. After the years of negotiations, hope is high that the changes will be approved. If the eligibility requirements are approved, changes would come before an executive policy committee on December 8th and then the council on December 15th. Sylvia Rothney of the Alzheimer Society of Manitoba says “it’s wonderful. This is an important service for a segment of society that need it.”

MONTREAL RESEARCHERS EXAMINE EFFECTS OF GPS USAGE

Tue, 23 Nov 2010 13:20:26 -0500

A team of McGill researchers has studied the impact of relying on GPS devices. GPS devices make visual-spatial skills and mental maps unnecessary in reaching a destination. The researchers aimed to discover whether or not using this technology might have implications in terms of brain function. The researchers compared brain scans of older adults regularly using GPS devices with those who did not. They found that for those who did not rely on GPS devices had a greater volume of grey matter in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is an area of the brain that is believed to play an important role in both navigation and memory. These brain differences were also reflected in cognitive tests: those who did not use GPS devices score higher on standardized cognitive tests. Veronique Bohbot of McGill University explains that these results suggest the importance of using spatial memory regularly to improve brain health and cognitive function as people age. Important to note is that this study does not show causality. It may be that a third variable is leading to the changes seen in the tests and brain scans.

THE LONG HELLO...

Tue, 23 Nov 2010 13:19:09 -0500

Cathie Borrie has degrees in health and law but nothing prepared her for the 7 years she spent caring for her mother. Recording many of their conversations, she discovered in her mother an astonishing poetic sensibility, insight and humour that she had not expected would be part of the Alzheimer’s experience. A paean of redemptive beauty, her mother’s voice weaves through much of the book, recasting the long goodbye of Alzheimer’s as the long hello of profound and new understandings. Excerpts of this work have been short listed three times in the CBC Literary Awards. Her second book, looking into your voice ~ the poetic and eccentric realities of Alzheimer’s, is a book of her mother’s quotations.

VASCULAR HEALTH

Tue, 16 Nov 2010 10:33:31 -0500

Results from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative suggests that the link between vascular disease and cognitive impairment may be stronger than initially thought. Charles DeCarli, director of the UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Centre explains: "this study shows that silent vascular disease is really common as we get older and it influences our thinking abilities. We’re beginning to realize that vascular disease plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease - they go together"” Participants from 50 research sites across Canada and the United States were included in the study. Results revealed that those participants with "white matter hyperintensities" showed significantly more cognitive decline with the passage of time compared to those without "white matter hyperintensities". The "white matter hyperintensities" appear on MRI scans and are caused by cardiovascular disease, hypertension, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis. These results support the importance of heart health in protecting a healthy brain.

SOMETHING FISHY

Tue, 16 Nov 2010 10:32:47 -0500

A study published last week in the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) that found that "supplementation with DHA compared with placebo did not slow the rate of cognitive and functional decline in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease." A number of newspaper publications misrepresent the results of the study, stating that it indicated that fish oil supplements were no more effective than a placebo in delaying and preventing Alzheimer’s disease. In reality, fish oil, which contains both DHA and EPA, was not used in the study. The researchers used agail oil, containing only DHA. Previous studies have suggested that DHA and EPA together influence cognitive functions. The results of this study demonstrate that DHA alone does not appear to influence memory. It is unfortunate that these results were misinterpreted by newspapers across the globe, and more research will be required to discover to role of fish oil in the development and course of Alzheimer’s disease.

BILINGUALISM AND DEMENTIA

Tue, 16 Nov 2010 10:31:52 -0500

Canadian researchers have discovered that speaking two languages may delay the onset of symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by up to five years. Researchers at the Baycrest Rotman Research Institute studied records from 211 people with Alzheimer’s disease. Results revealed that individuals who spoke two or more languages delayed the onset of symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by up to five years. Regardless of whether or not the individuals spoke two or more languages, the brains showed the same levels of deterioration due to the disease. The symptoms, however, were delayed in bilingual individuals. Lead investigator Fergus Craik explains "we are not claiming that bilingualism in any way prevents Alzheimer’s or other dementias, but it may contribute to cognitive reserve in the brain which appears to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s symptoms for quite some time"” These results supported results from a study out of York University conducted in 2007.

DRINK YOUR BEETROOT

Mon, 8 Nov 2010 15:04:53 -0500

Beetroot juice may be a good beverage choice for people with dementia. Researchers of the Translational Science Center at Wake Forest University have discovered that beetroot juice increases blood flow to the brain which may be especially helpful for people living with dementia. Beetroot juice is converted into nitrites when it comes into contact with bacteria in the mouth. In the study, 14 older adults consumed breakfasts that were either high or low in dietary nitrate. MRI scan later revealed that those who consumed the beetroot juice showed higher blood flow to brain white matter, the brain areas most directly impacted by dementia. Garry Miller, senior investigator explains "I think these results are consistent and encouraging -- that good diet consisting of a lot of fruits and vegetables can contribute to overall good health"”

OMEGA-3 DISAPPOINTMENT

Mon, 8 Nov 2010 15:03:07 -0500

A team of researchers of the Oregon Health and Science University and the Portland Veterans Administration Center has discovered that omega-3 fish oil supplements may not slow the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Docosahexaenoic acid, or DHA, is an active ingredient in fish oil that was hypothesized to help slow cognitive decline. A research team led by Dr. Joseph Quinn conducted a large study at 51 clinical sites across the U.S. The study included 402 participants in the mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were given either an omega-3 supplement or a placebo for 18 months and monitored for changes in cognitive and functional capacities. Results revealed no significant differences between participants taking the placebo and participants taking the omega-3 fish oil supplement. Study authors released the following statement: "these results indicate that DHA supplementation is not useful for the population of individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease. It remains possible that an intervention with DHA might be more effective if initiated earlier in the course of the disease in patients who do not have overt dementia."

LEDUC MP LEADS DISCUSSION

Mon, 8 Nov 2010 15:01:53 -0500

James Rajotte, Edmonton-Leduc’s Member of Parliament, is taking action to launch an important national discussion about the Alzheimer’s disease. Rajotte introduced a motion in the House of Commons on October 28th calling for governmental support of research efforts and families living with the reality of Alzheimer’s disease. Rajotte explained, "it's a serious disease and it's going to explode in terms of its impact on Canadian society. We're acting on it now but we need to be much more aware of it. We should be focusing more resources on Alzheimer's research, but also preventative measures." Rajotte sites findings from the Rising Tide Report published by the Alzheimer Society of Canada. As a strategy moving forward, Rajotte is pushing for a broad national strategy that would support research, prevention, and help for those impacted by the illness. The motion is set to be discussed in a second hour of debate in 13 days time.

MONTREAL GPS PLANS PUT ON HOLD

Mon, 8 Nov 2010 15:00:56 -0500

The Montreal police department will be setting aside plans to equip citizens living with Alzheimer’s disease with GPS devices. The plan was originally announced last year after two separate cases of wandering behaviours turned tragic. The Montreal police department had been working with E-For Technologies to develop a geo-locating system that could help police locate missing persons living with Alzheimer’s disease. As late as September, police were still speaking positively about the project. Police Sgt. Lafrenière confirmed early last week that the project will be placed on hold. In a statement, he explained "Now, it’s a no-go. We are not going further with this project with this company at the moment"”

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA DISCOVERY

Mon, 1 Nov 2010 09:50:36 -0400

A team of Australian researchers led by Dr. John Kwok has made an important discovery in treating frontotemporal dementia. According to Dr. Kwok and colleagues at the Sydney based Neuroscience Research Australia, a specific gene can be linked to the abnormal build-up of protein seen in frontotemporal dementia. Dr. Kwok explains that there are already approved drugs that target the specific gene. As Dr. Kwok states, "there are drugs out there like haloperidol, which is traditionally used to treat schizophrenia that we know will have a dampening effect on the sigma gene"” As the drugs have already been developed and approved for human use, the road from this discovery to drug treatment may be much shorter. Professor Peter Schofield, CEO of Neuroscience Research Australia has stated that additional testing has already begun and treatment using this approach may be available within the next few years.

IS ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE CONTAGIOUS?

Mon, 1 Nov 2010 09:49:51 -0400

The National Academy of Sciences has released new findings that suggest that Alzheimer’s disease may be more contagious than was previously believed. Researchers discovered that when healthy mice were injected with amyloid peptides (taken from the brains of diseased mice) they too went on to develop Alzheimer’s disease-like symptoms after several months. Previously, the same team of researchers showed that amyloid peptides injected directly into the brains of mice led to symptoms. This research is unique in demonstrating that amyloid peptides injected anywhere on the body led to the same symptoms. Important to note when considering these findings is that Alzheimer’s disease is not contagious in the traditional sense of the word. In order for the disease to spread to other mice, injection from the brain of diseased mice was needed.

THE IMPACT OF SMOKING

Mon, 1 Nov 2010 09:48:38 -0400

New research suggests that heavy smoking during middle age can double the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Rachel Whitmer and her colleagues at Kaiser Permanente in Oakland California, analyzed health survey data from 21,123 individuals. As Whitmer explains, "our study suggests that heavy smoking in middle age increases the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia for men and women across different race groups"” Heavy smoking was defined as smoking two packs of cigarettes a day or more. Those who smoked two packs a day or more had a 157 percent increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and a 172 percent increased risk of vascular dementia. Up until now, it has been very difficult to study the effects of smoking on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease because of the other harmful consequences of smoking. As Whitmer states, "we've known for some time that smoking is bad for your respective health. This really adds to our understanding that the brain is also susceptible"”

CANADIAN DISCOVERY

Mon, 1 Nov 2010 09:47:35 -0400

Neuroscientist Andrea Leblanc and colleagues at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Quebec have discovered what may be one of the root causes of Alzheimer’s disease. The team of researchers found that a brain enzyme normally associated with inflammation may “instigate” Alzheimer’s disease in certain people. The overproduction of amyloid beta seen in Alzheimer’s disease may be caused by the enzyme Caspase-6. Research to date has focused on the "amyloid theory" to understand the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The approach taken by Leblanc and her colleagues was to investigate an underlying cause of the amyloid plaques. Researchers discovered that the brains of those who had died of Alzheimer’s disease showed elevated levels of Caspase-6. They also discovered that older adults who did not have Alzheimer’s disease but showed a high level of the enzyme were more likely to experience mild memory impairments. More research will be needed, but this may be an important step forward in understanding the complexity of Alzheimer’s disease.

ULTRASOUND DEVELOPMENTS

Mon, 25 Oct 2010 09:46:00 -0400

Biomedical engineer Elisa Konofagou and her colleagues at Columbia University are developing an ultrasound device that may be a breakthrough in treating symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. According to the researchers, one significant problem in delivering drugs to persons living with Alzheimer’s disease is the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier is a protein netting that protects brain cells from pathogens that may be circulating in the blood. This self-defence mechanism in the brain may work against drugs aimed at treating symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by blocking access to brain cells. Dr. Konofagou and her research team believe that by using ultrasound, they will be able to naturally open the barrier and delivery drugs to the hippocampus. According to Dr. Konofagou, "the blood-brain barrier is like a brick wall reinforced by wires, and this method is a way of temporarily relaxing those wires"” This technique will require much more research, but according to Dr. Konofagou’s colleagues it holds potential. Dr. Peter Lewin, director of biometical ultrasound research at Drexel University comments "she has established herself as one of the leading scholars in neuro-therapeutic drug delivery via the brain-blood barrier, which is currently not possible and would be of great importance in development of viable brain therapies"”

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE

Mon, 25 Oct 2010 09:44:49 -0400

The National Institute of Health is starting the second stage of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The initiative is now seeking volunteers aged 55 to 99 from across the United States and Canada to take part in the ADNI2 (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). Volunteers will be studied over the next five years to track any changes in brain structure and function. To study structure and function changes that may be precursors to mild cognitive impairments (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease, researchers will be using brain imaging techniques and biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The ADNI is led by the National Institute on Aging at the National Institute of Health. Richard J. Hodes, M.D. and NIA Director explains "ADNI2 will build upon the successes of this ongoing effort to identify the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease, when damage to the brain may begin well before symptoms appear. This phase of the study, which includes greater numbers of volunteers in the earliest stages of cognitive impairment, should give us new insights into the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease"” In Canada, volunteers are being recruited in Vancouver, Montreal, Hamilton, London, and Toronto.

VITAMIN B12

Mon, 25 Oct 2010 09:42:03 -0400

A seven-year Finnish study has shown that vitamin B12 may play a role in protecting against the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Vitamin B12 is known to reduce levels of an amino acid called homocysteine. In previous studies, homocysteine has been linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Up until now, the exact relationship between vitamin B12, homocysteine, and Alzheimer’s disease has been unknown. In the study, researchers found that every micromolar increase in vitamin B12 was associated with a 2 percent reduction in the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, for every micromolar increase in blood homocysteine, the risk of Alzheimer’s disease increased by 15 percent. Researcher Babak Hooshmand explains, "our findings show the need for further research on the role of vitamin B12 as a marker for identifying people who are at increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease"” Dietary sources of vitamin B12 include fish, poultry, and other meat products.

KEEP MOVING

Mon, 18 Oct 2010 10:18:35 -0400

Research published in the journal Neurology suggests that walking six or more miles every week may lower a person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers asked 299 individuals how many blocks they walking during a typical week. Nine years after the initial assessment, participants underwent a brain scan. An additional four years later, participants were given a number of cognitive tasks. Results revealed that individuals who walked for more than 72 blocks a week had more grey matter on the brain scan. At the follow up, long walkers showed less brain shrinkage and less memory problems. Lead author Kirk I. Erickson explains, "if regular exercise in midlife could improve brain health and improve thinking and memory in later life, it would be one more reason to make regular exercise in people of all ages a public health imperative".

SURVEY RESULTS

Mon, 18 Oct 2010 10:17:32 -0400

According to a U.S. survey, more than 50 percent of Americans know a friend or relative with Alzheimer’s disease. Approximately 3,400 ethnically diverse adults participated in the poll; 502 individuals were care partners. According to the survey, care partners reported high levels of stress and strained finances, social relationships and work obligations. Men reported more stress on their marriage and women reported less time with their spouse. According to senior research analyst Dr. Kelly Daley, "what is surprising in this survey, is that despite the personal knowledge of Alzheimer's by 55 percent of Americans, only 27 percent of Americans are making financial or caregiver plans for the possibility it will affect them". The poll also revealed that 78 percent of Americans say that the government should invest in research on Alzheimer’s disease and 54 percent thought the government should financially support families coping with the disease.

A NEW TYPE OF MEMOIR

Mon, 18 Oct 2010 10:16:33 -0400

Canadian artist and writer Sarah Leavitt has published an award-nominated graphic memoir that shares her family’s experience with Alzheimer’s disease. The memoir is titled Tangles: A Story About Alzheimer’s, My Mother, and Me. When her mother was first diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, Leavitt began journaling and sketching after her many visits. As Leavitt writes, "[I was] forced to reconsider my own identity as a daughter and as an adult and to recreate my relationship with my mother". The memoir takes the reader back and forth in time as Leavitt and her mother come to embrace each other in new ways. Through words and pictures, Leavitt expresses the fears, frustrations, and reality of Alzheimer’s disease. The graphic memoir is a powerful new medium that may reach new audiences.

UK REVERSES STANCE ON DRUGS

Tue, 12 Oct 2010 09:59:27 -0400

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK is reversing its stance on the use of four drugs used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. In 2006, NICE suggested that drugs be restricted because their costs (approximately $1,500 per person per year at the time) did not justify their benefits. In a complete reversal of this stance, NICE has announced that it is now recommending that state health-care pay for the drugs to be use by those who need them. Andrew Dillon, chief executive of Nice explained, "we've got a better grip on the cost of the disease and treating the disease throughout its course. We're in a better position to understand the impact that using these drugs has"” The specific drugs being recommended include: Aricept from Pfizer Inc. and Eisai Co.; Reminyl from Shire PLC; and Exelon from Novartis AG. This decision is a significant one for those living with Alzheimer’s disease in the UK. Ruth Sutherland, interim chief executive of the UK Alzheimer’s Society says "stands to benefit hundreds of thousands of people. The drugs aren't a miracle cure but they can make important differences to people's lives."

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA NEEDS AN UPDATE

Tue, 12 Oct 2010 09:58:22 -0400

It was 1984 when the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Association first announced the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease. According to researchers, it is time for a diagnostic update. Neurologist Dr. Reisa Sperling explains that the need for change is illustrated in "recent disappointments in clinical trials of drugs used to treat the disease once dementia has set it". Because recent research suggests treatment may be most effective before symptoms start, earlier diagnosis is important. Three workgroups from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association have proposed various updates to the diagnostic criteria. The workgroups suggest incorporating biomarkers associated with Alzheimer’s disease as well as incorporating methods to disentangle signs of Alzheimer’s disease from other forms of dementia. As Dr. Sperling explains, these suggested changes are just a starting point and as we come to understand the causes of Alzheimer’s disease, the diagnostic criteria will improve.

HOME CARE PLATFORM

Tue, 12 Oct 2010 09:56:17 -0400

Micheal Ignatieff has announced a new home care strategy that will be a key part of the Liberal campaign in the next election. The new strategy aims to help families providing care for older adults or sick members in the home. In what is being called the "Family Care Plan", care partners would receive six months of employment insurance as well as $1,350 annually. As it stands now, care partners are only eligible for six week of EI benefits. To receive these benefits, care partners must be able to prove that their loved one is expected to die in the next 26 weeks. Under the proposed liberal plan, these conditions would be eliminated. Ignatieff understands the challenges faced by families coping with debilitating illnesses; he has shared the challenges his own family has faced with his father’s Alzheimer’s disease.

INNOVATIVE PROGRAM TO CARE FOR CARE PARTNERS

Tue, 12 Oct 2010 09:56:11 -0400

Recent research findings point to the stress of providing care for a loved one with Alzheimer’s disease. One study suggests that approximately 40 percent of care partners report feeling depressed. In light of these findings, mental health professionals at the Mount Sinai Hospital’s Psychiatric Department have developed an innovative program aimed at informing and supporting care partners. The Cyril & Dorothy, Joel & Jill Reitman Centre for Alzheimer’s Support and Training offers care partners professional coaching and examples of how to best respond to different symptoms and situations. The program is ten weeks in length and involves groups of four to six care partners at a time. The first four weeks of the program include formal problem-solving intervention tailored to the needs of the group. The remaining six weeks are devoted to practical training. Group members are also encouraged to build supportive networks to help in their own coping. High levels of participation and reported participation satisfaction suggest that the program is beneficial. The Reitman Centre has $600,000 in federal funding over the next 3 years to refine the program model and create resources to help other groups develop similar programs.

GENE DISCOVERY

Mon, 4 Oct 2010 13:10:49 -0400

Researchers at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine have discovered that a gene for the protein SorCS1 which is commonly seen in to Type 2 diabetes causes accumulation of amyloid-beta. Accumulation of amyloid-beta is known to play a role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. This discovery makes sense of previous findings that Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The research was led by Dr. Sam Gandy, Associate Director of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine. In discussing the impact of these results, Dr. Gandy explains "these results elucidate a common mechanism between diabetes and Alzheimer's and will bring us a step closer to identifying effective treatments for both diseases". Now that the researchers have discovered a common thread to the two diseases, their next step is to refine their understanding of the protein. The hope is that continued research will help in the fight for drugs to combat both devastating illnesses.

PROTECTION AGAINST BRAIN CANCER

Mon, 4 Oct 2010 13:09:45 -0400

According to an animal study at the Roskamp Institute in Florida, mice with a naturally developed animal-version of Alzheimer’s disease are able to protect against the growth of brain cancer. Mice who spontaneously developed the disease were able to reduce the growth of human brain cancer cells. Mice without Alzheimer’s disease did not show this reduction. The study was published in the Journal of Neuroscience. Lead investigator Dr. Daniel Paris says that it may be that Alzheimer’s disease greatly reduced the blood flow to the cancer cells. He explains, "we believe that the small protein that causes Alzheimer’s disease, called amyloid, stops cancer blood vessels growing and thus the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the cancer is stifled". More research will be needed.

FAMILY KNOWS BEST

Mon, 4 Oct 2010 13:08:19 -0400

Researchers have discovered that family and close friends may be more accurate at spotting early signs of memory troubles compared to traditional screening tools. A study published in the online journal Brain collected observations from family and friends with a carefully designed questionnaire called Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8). The AD8 was designed to very quickly tap into observations about judgment, activity level, learning, forgetfulness, repetitiveness and thinking skills. The results of these observations had a strong correlation with biological indicators of Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, the family observations were more strongly correlated with biological markers of the disease than traditional physician testing. Dr. John C. Morris, co-author and director of the Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at the Washington University School of Medicine explains, "based on our results, the AD8 appears to be superior to conventional testing in its ability to detect signs of early dementia". He continued to say that "the AD8 gives us a brief and very low-cost alternative that takes a few minutes . . . to screen for dementia and thus identify those individuals who need follow-up evaluations to determine if there truly are signs of Alzheimer's".

THE PERSON BEHIND THE DISEASE

Mon, 4 Oct 2010 13:07:52 -0400

As part of the Globe and Mail’s series on the dementia crisis facing Canadians, this article discusses the importance of empowering the person behind the disease. Gail Elliot, assistant director of the Gilbrea Centre for Studies in Aging at McMaster University, describes the use of the Montessori method in behavioural interventions. The Montessori approach was first developed to engage children in their own learning environments. By structuring the environment to meet the needs of children, the Montessori method is believed to boost engagement, relieve boredom, and promote independence. This method was first adopted for use with people living with dementia by American psychologist Cameron Camp. Elliot and colleagues at the Gilbrea Centre for Studies in Aging at McMaster University are discovering more about the usefulness of the Montessori approach in relieving boredom for older adults with dementia. Boredom, according to their research, is a significant trigger for people living with dementia. The Montessori approach also places emphasis on the importance of structuring tasks that are appropriate for the individual’s own capacity and interests. These Montessori principles have been applied in a number of long-term care facilities across the country.

PUTTING GAMES TO THE TEST

Mon, 27 Sep 2010 10:07:19 -0400

The positive impact of activities set to improve mental fitness has recently been the subject of debate. Researchers have begun carefully studying the effects of various brain-fitness games and software programs to see if they really do delay the onset of dementia and improve cognitive functioning. Researchers from the University of British Columbia are currently assessing the impact of Nintendo’s Brain Age game. They have asked a group of adults with memory impairments to play the game for three months and will then evaluate any memory improvements. In addition to these sorts of scientific tests, a number of new programs are being developed to help improve memory. A company called Postit Science in San Francisco produces a number of different software products aimed at boosting overall brain functioning by improving the speed of processing sights and sounds. The effectiveness of these products is currently being tested by researchers at Columbia University. Other brain fitness programs are being developed and studied by researchers at the Baycrest's Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit in Toronto. In the years to come we will see more about true advantage of brain fitness programs.

TRACKING COMPLAINTS

Mon, 27 Sep 2010 10:06:14 -0400

The Canadian banking ombudsman is making changes to help track how Canadians with dementia are being unfairly treated when it comes to money. The Ombudsman for Banking Services and Investments (OBSI) will be creating a registry for complaints against financial institutions in which dementia may play a role. The hope is that the OBSI will be able to track how Canadians with dementia are being treated by financial institutions. In the last year, investigators have opened an estimated 900 complaint files, 40 percent of which involved older adults. The decision to create this registry came after a recent Globe and Mail report shed light on cases where financial advisors or other individuals took unfair advantage of older adults. Those with impaired cognitive functioning due to dementia, for example, may be more vulnerable to suggestions that put their own financial stability at risk. As part of this new initiative, the OBSI will recruit specialists to help advise financial institutions and educate staff on how to approach complaints dealing with dementia. The hope is that this registry will also help the government to improve public policy and pinpoint problem areas.

INTERNATIONAL NUMBERS

Mon, 27 Sep 2010 09:57:34 -0400

A report published by Alzheimer’s Disease International sheds light on the worldwide impact of Alzheimer’s disease. The report estimates that the annual global cost of dementia is approximately $604-billion U.S. dollars. This number is set to increase at an "alarming rate" over the next 40 years. According to current estimates, 35.6 million people are currently living with dementia. By 2030, the number of people living with dementia is estimated to increase to approximately 65.7 million. Marc Wortmann, executive director of Alzheimer’s Disease International says "the figures are cause for great concern, and we hope that this report will act as a call to action for governments and policy-makers across the world. It is vital that they recognize that the cost of dementia will continue to increase at an alarming rate and we must work to improve care and support services". According to the report authors, "if dementia were a country, it would be the world’s 18th largest economy, ranking between Turkey and Indonesia".

CAREER CHOICE

Mon, 27 Sep 2010 09:57:31 -0400

Canadian researchers out of Toronto’s Baycrest neurological research center have published a study investigating the role of career choice in predicting the progression of frontotemporal dementia. As part of the study, researchers examined the location of brain-tissue damage in persons living with frontotemporal dementia and compared it to their occupation. Results revealed that the location of damage was related to occupation: those with careers using verbal skills had greater brain tissue loss in the right side of the brain. On the other hand, those with careers not requiring verbal skills showed more damage on the left side of the brain. Dr. Nathan Spreng explains, "the disease appeared to attack the side of the brain that was the least used in the patient’s professional life”" Careers requiring use of verbal skills may help build a reserve that protects against damage due to dementia. The researchers also offer an interesting alternate explanation: brain differences in place before the disease progresses may bias people to certain career choices. Of course more research will be needed to understand the connection between career choice and the location of tissue damage in frontotemporal dementia.

ALZHEIMER DISEASE INTERNATION CONFERENCE 2011 IN TORONTO

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:48:42 -0400

Registration and accommodation booking for the 26th International Conference of Alzheimer's Disease International is now open - the conference is taking place from Saturday 26 March, immediately after the A Changing Melody forum has finished. Professionals in dementia care, medical professionals, researchers, family caregivers, people living with dementia, and national Alzheimer associations will all find thoughtful, informative and innovative sessions, led by well known experts, that will continue to move the understanding of dementia further along. As the conference theme "The Changing Face of Dementia" suggests, this is a time of significant rethinking of our understanding and thus our care and treatment of dementia and which directions research should be taking to determine the best approaches to slowing the progress of the disease and even to preventing its onset. Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) and the Alzheimer Society of Canada are working together to ensure a warm welcome in Toronto for old friends and new acquaintances to the worldwide Alzheimer community. Please be sure to visit the conference website by clicking here (link to www.adi2011.org). The website also contains all the information you need to know about the programme and booking accommodation. We hope that you will make attending the ADI 2011 conference a priority and together we will make it a success.

BE PREPARED TO BE INSPIRED AT THE A CHANGING MELODY FORUM INTERNATIONAL

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:46:46 -0400

Please mark your calendars! The Murray Alzheimer Research and Education Program (MAREP) at the University of Waterloo has partnered once again with the Alzheimer Society of Canada, the Alzheimer Society of Ontario, local Alzheimer Society chapters and the Dementia Advocacy and Support Network International to host an A Changing Melody (ACM) Forum in conjunction with the 26th Annual Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) Conference. For the first time, ACM will be an international forum involving participants from around the world coming together to enhance dementia care. It will be held March 26, 2011 at the Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A Changing Melody is a unique event designed to bring persons with early-stage dementia, family members, friends, and a range of professionals together in a safe space to learn with and from each other. Designed and implemented by a planning committee made up of persons with dementia, family members and professionals working in true partnership with each other, A Changing Melody provides a powerful space of learning, sharing, courage and hope as those experiencing dementia work together to change images and understandings of dementia and identify better ways to support others in continuing to live a meaning life with dementia. The theme for the 2011 forum is "Coping, Adapting, Enabling, Creating: Striking a Balance" and will address four key topic areas identified as priorities by persons living with dementia. Through presentations by persons with dementia and care partners, interactive sessions, and group dialogue, the forum will examine: - coping with stigma and fear - adapting to change so as to enhance well-being - enabling persons with dementia rather than disabling - creating strong partnerships in dementia care and support Authentic, strong partnerships have been at the heart of A Changing Melody since its inception in 2002. In fact, we believe they are essential if we hope to enhance the quality of life of all those experiencing dementia. Come and share with us at the 2011 A Changing Melody as we work together to create enabling, supportive communities where persons with memory loss and their families can continue to thrive and live fulfilled lives. Look for the A Changing Melody brochure later this fall. Registration will begin in January 2011. Please visit www.marep.uwaterloo.ca for more information as it is made available.

"SENIORS MOMENTS" NOT NORMAL PART OF AGING

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:38:43 -0400

Researchers out of the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago have discovered that "senior moments" may not be part of normal aging. Robert Wilson, a researcher at Rush University explains "we don't think that just because you are old, a problem in thinking and memory is normal and should be ignored. We think it's an actual sign of disease". The findings come from a longitudinal study of 350 Catholic nuns, priests, and brothers who completed memory tests over a period of 13 years. After death, participant brains were examined for the presence of a protein that forms tangles in the brain associated with Alzheimer’s disease as well as Lewy bodies and signs of stroke. According to the researchers, participants who did not experience memory loss had clean brains. Those who had signs of minor memory loss tended to experience memory troubles gradually and accelerated in the last four or five years. Wilson explains "what we're saying is the brain changes that are mainly responsible for Alzheimer's and other dementias also seem to be mainly responsible for very mild early changes in memory and thinking".

WORLD ALZHEIMER’S DAY

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:37:54 -0400

This coming Tuesday, September 21st marks World Alzheimer’s Day. The theme for this year’s international awareness day is “Dementia. It’s time for action”. World Alzheimer’s Day was first introduced by Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) in 1994 at the beginning of an annual conference in Edinburgh, Scotland. There are a number of events being organized to mark the upcoming date. For more information about events planned in your region, contact your local Alzheimer Society (http://www.alzheimer.ca/). An estimated 35 million people worldwide are impacted by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. International efforts such as World Alzheimer’s Day help to spread awareness and combat stereotypes.

AGGRESSIVE GENE

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:37:25 -0400

An international team of researchers has discovered what is being described as a gene variant capable of predicting the aggressiveness of Alzheimer’s disease. This genetic marker, researchers say, may be useful in predicting the rate of the disease progression and possibly in the development of new drugs. Lead author Carlos Cruchaga of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis explains, “We have looked at data from three separate, international studies, and in all three, we found the same association. So we are confident that it is real and that this gene variant is associated with progression in Alzheimer's disease”. A patent application has been completed to protect these findings and more research will be needed to draw any definite conclusions.

FRUSTRATION BUILDS

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:36:16 -0400

The search for a cure for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias continues to be a struggle for researchers around the world. As Peter St George-Hyslop of the Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases of Toronto explains, “It's been far more complicated at every step of the way than anyone thought”. Securing the funds to continue in the search for a cure is a challenge for Canadian researchers. As Dr. St. George-Hyslop explains, dementia research may be overlooked in favour of illnesses such as breast cancer and HIV. Last year Canadian researchers decided to form a united voice in speaking out for the need for continued governmental support of dementia research. The group formed the Canadian Dementia Action Network (CDAN). While the efforts have received international political support, the federal government has not taken action to create a unified national research approach. The CDAN has stepped up to encourage collaborative research across the country. Currently the CDAN has nine national teams working on treatments at different stages. The CDAN has presented its own plan to the federal government and is still awaiting a response. In the meantime, researchers continue to search for clues in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

Mon, 20 Sep 2010 10:35:45 -0400

For the past 15 years Canadians have been drinking cups of coffee in support of programs and services for persons living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. September 16th marked the 15th anniversary of the Alzheimer Society Coffee Break©. In the past 15 years of fundraising efforts, Coffee Break© across Canada have raised around $12 million. In 2009 alone, approximately $1.3 million was raised by communities across the country. In light of the 15th anniversary of the Alzheimer Society Coffee Break©, the Alzheimer Society has set a fundraising goal of $1.5 million for the next year. Debbie Benczkowski, Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Alzheimer Society of Canada says “with the help and support of all our returning and new Coffee Break© supporters, we can do it!” Over the past 15 years, Alzheimer Society Coffee Break© has been taking place in communities across Canada. To find out more about Coffee Break© events, please visit http://www.alzheimercoffeebreak.ca/.

PROMISING BIOMARKERS

Wed, 15 Sep 2010 10:03:55 -0400

A report in the September issue of the Archives of Neurology suggests that biomarkers in the blood may allow for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms progress. Researchers at the F. Marie Hall Institute for Rural and Community Health at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center analyzed 100 biomarkers in the blood samples from 197 people living with Alzheimer’s disease and 203 people without the disease. Based on levels of different biomarkers, participants were assigned a “risk score”. This score identified 80 percent of those who had Alzheimer’s disease. Including other risk factors such as age, sex, education, and genetic information, the researchers estimate the accuracy to be 94 percent. While these results are promising, the study is not without limitations. Important to note is that participants in the study already had a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. It is hard to say whether the biomarkers method will work in predicting Alzheimer’s disease before symptoms appear. Being able to identify Alzheimer’s disease at a very early phase is an important research goal. As explained by Dr. Ralph Nixon, director of the NYU Center of Excellence on Brain Aging, “the purpose of the biomarkers is to find a way to identify those changes that happen at the very early stage, so that we can nip it in the bud before things get so advanced in the brain; that's [when] it's very difficult to find a medication to reverse it”

MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND GENDER

Wed, 15 Sep 2010 10:03:08 -0400

Men may be more prone to mild cognitive impairments according to a new study from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota. Researchers evaluated the cognitive health of 1,969 randomly selected older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involves problems with memory, language, thinking and judgment that are greater than would be expected with normal age-related changes. According to the results, 19 percent of male participants showed signs of mild cognitive impairments compared to 14 percent of females. MCI was also higher among those with less time spent in school and those who never married. This research was primarily funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA director Richard J. Hodes explains, “while more research is needed, these findings indicate that we may want to investigate differences in the way men and women develop MCI, similar to the way stroke and cardiovascular disease risk factors and outcomes vary between the sexes”.

PROTECTIVE VITAMINS

Wed, 15 Sep 2010 10:02:30 -0400

According to a team of British researchers, high doses of certain B vitamins may be the key to slowing brain shrinkage in older adults with mild cognitive impairments. In a two-year clinical trial, those taking a combination of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 slowed the rate of brain shrinkage by one half. These findings may be relevant in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. It is estimated that about half of those with mild cognitive impairments later develop dementia. Co-leader of the investigation David Smith explains, “it is our hope that this simple and safe treatment will delay the development of Alzheimer's disease in many people who suffer from mild memory problems”. In addition to the brain shrinkage, researchers also studied cognitive functioning. As expected, those with the lowest rate of shrinkage showed the best cognitive functioning. These results fit with previous findings that certain B vitamins control levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, in the blood. Previous researchers have discovered that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with high levels of homocysteine. Further research into the link between vitamin B and Alzheimer’s disease is needed.

GPS TRACKING IN CANADA

Wed, 15 Sep 2010 10:01:42 -0400

Montreal citizens living with Alzheimer’s disease may be sporting GPS tracking bracelets from E-FOR technologies in the future. The Montreal police have entered a tentative agreement with the West Island firm. Police spokesperson Rejean Toutant states that “in January, the firm E-FOR began an exploratory study to see if their products meet our needs and security requirements”. The program is still under evaluation and would have to be approved by the city before implementation. Having a GPS tracking system in place would help police quickly locate people with Alzheimer’s disease in cases where they may have wandered and be in danger. Toutant says that they hope to have a proposal to present to elected officials in the fall.

RETHINKING BRAIN ACTIVITY AND DEMENTIA

Tue, 7 Sep 2010 10:15:20 -0400

Improving brain fitness has been promoted as a strategy to help prevent dementia. Recent research, however, suggests that these cognitive exercises may delay but not ultimately prevent development of Alzheimer’s disease. Researcher Dr. Robert Wilson and his colleagues at Rush University Medical in Chicago conducted a study with 1,157 men and women aged 65 and older. Those who were more cognitively stimulated on a regular basis (playing cards, reading, visiting museums) were diagnosed with dementia later that those who did not. After diagnosis, however it appeared that those who continued with mentally stimulating activities actually showed a more rapid cognitive decline. According to Dr. Wilson, “brain activity is not stopping the underlying neurobiology of dementia, but for a while, it seems to be effective in delaying the additional appearance of symptoms. But the benefit of delaying the initial symptoms comes at the cost of more rapid progression of dementia once it makes its appearance.” This research does not mean that people should abandon cognitive activities. This study does not provide clear answers and instead raises key questions in understanding the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.

COPE: A NEW TYPE OF INTERVENTION

Tue, 7 Sep 2010 10:14:45 -0400

A new at home intervention has shown impressive improvements in quality of life for both those living with dementia and their care partners. The Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments program (COPE) focuses on modifying the environment stressors to improve capabilities and quality of life. The current trial was conducted by researchers at the Jefferson Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As part of the COPE intervention trial, participants with dementia and their care partners completed up to 12 in-person sessions with occupational therapists and one in-person and one telephone session with an advanced practice care nurse. The capabilities and difficulties of those with dementia were also assessed by the occupational therapists. Specific instruction on helping the person with dementia in the home was also given. A control group had 20-minute telephone conversations with researchers who were not occupational therapists and did not discuss home modifications to reduce stress. Results showed that after four months, those persons with dementia in the COPE intervention had less functional dependence, higher engagement and were more able to perform activities of daily living independently. Care partners also showed improved well-being and confidence. After nine months, the group differences appeared to level off, but caregivers in the COPE intervention condition experienced “a great deal” of improvement. Translating the strengths of the intervention into standard practice will be the next step according to researchers.

POST TRAUMATIC STRESS

Tue, 7 Sep 2010 10:14:34 -0400

According to a new study, war veterans suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more prone to developing dementia. The study was published this past week in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Results revealed that those veterans with PTSD were twice as likely to be diagnosed with dementia when compared to veterans who did not have PTSD. Researchers analyzed medical records from 10,481 U.S. veterans aged 65 and older who had visited the Veterans Affairs Medical Center between 1997 and 1999. Of those who had PTSD and no other injuries, 11.1% went on to develop dementia. Of those who did not suffer from PTSD and had no injuries, only 4.5% went on to develop dementia. To help control for other possible causes, the researchers took risk factors such as diabetes, substance abuse and heart disease into account. Psychiatrist Mark Kunik of the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Texas explains, “although we cannot at this time determine the cause for this increased risk, it is essential to determine whether the risk of dementia can be reduced by effectively treating PTSD.”

SURGICAL RISKS

Tue, 31 Aug 2010 10:51:41 -0400

Undergoing major surgery may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Research conducted at Imperial College in London tested the impact of surgery on the brains of mice. The mice that underwent surgical procedures showed increased “tangles” in their brains. Tangles are often associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have shown that undergoing surgery has memory consequences; between 10 and 30 percent of older adults who undergo surgery suffer from memory problems afterwards. Lead investigator of the current study Dr. Daqing Ma explains, “the data has shown for some time that some elderly people who undergo surgery, especially heart surgery, can develop cognitive dysfunction, which can mean memory loss, and a loss of focus but it isn't clear how much of that is short-term, and how much long-term”. The findings of this investigation are the first step in understanding more clearly the link between surgery and dementia.

SOCIAL NETWORKING ENABLES CARE

Tue, 31 Aug 2010 10:51:06 -0400

Supporting aging family members from a long distance is a challenge a number of Canadians are facing. The Doyle family understands this situation well. The five Doyle brothers are spread across the globe: one is in Japan, one is in Edmonton, one is in Ontario, one is in Nova Scotia and one is in British Columbia. Their father and mother are in Cape Breton. The Doyle brothers’ mother is living with Alzheimer’s disease and communicating with and supporting their parents has become a priority. The brothers turned to a new online program called Tyze from a Vancouver company. Similar to Facebook and other social networking sites, Tyze allows users to keep track of and share appointments, calendars, and other information between care partners and professionals. Unlike Facebook, however, Tyze is entirely private and members are not searchable. Tyze grew out of the Planned Lifetime Advocacy Network (PLAN). Currently, the program has 4,000 users from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Individual member fees run for $50 a year. As company president and chief executive Vickie Cammack explains, “whenever we are facing a life challenge of some kind or another, it's having the ability to coordinate, to collaborate and to care all together".

CYCLISTS REACH FINISH LINE

Tue, 31 Aug 2010 10:50:25 -0400

Ian Whatley and Ben Love have reached the end of their cross-country bike tour to raise money for dementia research. The two University of Guelph students began their journey in Victoria, B.C. on June 24th and arrived in their final destination of Halifax on August 24th. Their fundraising efforts were a success; the pair was just a few hundred dollars short of reaching their $25,000 goal. The two students hope that this money will help to make a difference in dementia research. After their summer adventure, both students are returning to class in the fall to continue their studies in biomedical sciences.

CARING FOR THE CARE PARTNERS

Tue, 31 Aug 2010 10:50:20 -0400

The Canadian Institute for Health Information released the results of a study looking at the experiences of family care providers. According to the study, one in six informal care providers in Canada is experiencing severe stress. Furthermore, care partners of those with Alzheimer’s disease and other severe conditions ran the highest risk of depression. The Canadian Institute for Health Information contacted 130,000 seniors across Canada. In the study, around 55% of seniors had support from a spouse and around 75% of seniors who were not married had support from an adult child. Nancy White, manager of home and continuing care development at the CIHI explains that this study is a “first snapshot looking at understanding what's going on in Canadian home care”. This research points to the importance of caring for the care partners. As explained by Peter Silin of Vancouver’s Diamon Geriatrics Inc., “you have to learn to take care of yourself and sometimes some guilt and depression is unavoidable. Remember it's not your fault, it's just part of life.”

ARTHRITIS AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Fri, 27 Aug 2010 10:21:13 -0400

American researchers have discovered that rheumatoid arthritis may protect against the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, a signalling protein called GM-CSF or Leukine has shown promise in a new animal study out of the University of South Florida’s Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute. Researchers injected mice with three proteins of interest. Two groups of mice were tested – one normal group and one group genetically altered to have memory impairments that mimic Alzheimer’s disease in humans. After the 20-day intervention, the memory impaired mice treated with GM-CSF performed significantly better on tests of memory and learning. In fact, their performance was very similar to mice in the normal condition. The signalling protein GM-CSF has already been used in a synthetic form to help cancer patients improve immune functioning. While much more work needs to be done, this discovery may pave the way to new treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.

STRESS AND DEMENTIA

Fri, 27 Aug 2010 10:20:39 -0400

Swedish researchers suggest that stress in middle age may put women at greater risk of developing dementia later in life. Lena Johansson and colleagues at the University of Gothenburg conducted a large scale longitudinal study. Around 1415 women between 38 and 60 years participated in 35-year study. Of the 1415 participants, 161 developed dementia over the course of the 35 years. Researchers discovered that those women who reported frequent episodes of high levels of stress and anxiety in middle age were 65% more likely to develop dementia compared to women with lower levels of midlife stress. Important to consider, this research does not mean that increased stress causes dementia. It is possible that a third factor impacts both stress level and the later development of dementia. While it is too early to draw definite conclusions about the role of stress in the development of dementia, these findings may inform further research.

EARLY INDICATORS: IT’S ALL IN THE SPINE

Fri, 27 Aug 2010 10:20:04 -0400

Researchers out of Belgium have developed a new test that may be able to accurately predict later development of Alzheimer’s disease. The test samples spinal fluid and analyses it for the presence of certain biomarkers found in 90% of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Tara Hildebrand, support and education co-ordinator for the Central Interior branch of the Alzheimer Society of B.C. is enthusiastic about this new discovery. “The research is very exciting,” Hildebrand explains, “it’s not a cure, but it’s absolutely a way of looking for a diagnosis. Currently the diagnosis process involves extensive blood work, brain and body scans to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms. A more efficient and accurate way of diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease would translate to earlier treatment.

DRUG COMPANY TERMINATES CLINICAL TRIAL

Fri, 27 Aug 2010 10:19:58 -0400

Drug company Eli Lilly has announced that it will be terminating a large clinical trial for the drug semagacestat. The decision came after clinical results showed that the drug actually worsened symptoms of those with Alzheimer’s disease instead of improving cognitive capacity and memory as it was intended. “Obviously, this is disappointing news, to say the least,” says Steven Paul, a recently retired executive vice president at Eli Lilly. These findings raise questions about the amyloid hypothesis, the leading explanation of the causes behind Alzheimer’s disease and the best treatment approach to take in combating symptoms. According to the amyloid hypothesis, Alzheimer’s disease stems from the toxic build-up of protein beta amyloid. Treatment drugs aim to reduce levels of beta amyloid with the assumption that this will lessen symptoms. The drug semagacestat, like many other drugs used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, blocks an enzyme that makes up beta amyloid. Researchers found that the drug did reduce amyloid production, which makes the increased symptoms even more surprising. Researchers are now focused on what went wrong in the study and if there is an explanation for the findings. One possibility is that by the time the drug was administered, the disease had already progressed to an advanced stage, making the effects very different than if the drug had been administered at an earlier stage.

HEART HEALTH

Tue, 3 Aug 2010 16:17:24 -0400

New research shows a strong link between cardiac heath and brain health. According to researchers at the Boston University School of Medicine, those with the greatest blood flow from the heart had more brain volume. Researchers showed that those with the lowest cardiac blood flow showed an extra two years of brain aging. As associate professor Angela Jefferson explains, "our results definitely suggest that cardiac health is related to brain health”. These findings were not limited to those with heart disease. In previous studies, poor heart health has been linked to an increased risk of neuropsychological impairments and dementia. This study adds to the research by showing that even among those with no current heart health problems, brain health is still linked to heart functioning. Professionals suggest taking steps to promote heart health may also promote brain health. Strategies to promote heart health include the following: regular exercise, following a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking and managing high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes.

JELLYFISH

Tue, 3 Aug 2010 16:16:52 -0400

Quincy Bioscience, a Wisconsin company, has secured a U.S. patent for the jellyfish protein aequorin. As reported in this Toronto Star article, Mark Underwood of Quincy Bioscience has been studying the memory advantages of aequorin for 15 years. Just last month Underwood and colleagues released findings that the protein does improve memory. This fall the researchers are launching human clinical trials with people in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Underwood explains, “we hope it is a solution. It’s a very simple approach. Our bodies can’t make enough of the protein. Brain cells are dying faster than they are growing. This is a calcium-binding protein”. In 2008, the Nobel Prize for chemistry was awarded to scientist who studied jellyfish protein and identified its qualities. In the future, we may see more research and discoveries on the usefulness of jellyfish protein.

BRAIN HEALTH

Tue, 3 Aug 2010 16:16:43 -0400

The Alzheimer Society of British Columbia is offering the public a free workshop on ways to protect brain health. Christin Hillary, who is the education coordinator for the Alzheimer Society of B.C., explains “research is showing ways that all of us, including people with dementia and caregivers, can work on brain health”. The Healthy Brain Workshop will focus on three core areas in promoting brain health: the mind, the body, and the spirit. Participants will be given tips and strategies to implement on a daily basis to help protect brain health. As Hillary explains, “although it is still not possible to talk about absolute prevention, research increasingly confirms that taking these steps now may reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s”. For more information on the workshop or the Alzheimer Society of British Columbia, please visit: www.alzheimerbc.org.

CANADIAN BREAKTHROUGH

Tue, 3 Aug 2010 16:16:04 -0400

A five year project at the Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience has ended with an exciting discovery: scientists were able to grow adult brain cells in tests on mice. Dr. Robert Sutherland explains “in just the same way as people have been able to regenerate pieces of skin that have been damaged, we've been able to do that in a part of the brain". Mice brain cells were destroyed and then treated with a natural growth factor. The mice were given behavioural and memory exercises for six weeks. After the treatment, the treatment mice fared just as well on memory tests when compared to the control group. While it is unclear whether or not this technique can be applied to humans, this research is a very positive step forward in possible treatments for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

CALMING THE STORM

Tue, 27 Jul 2010 12:25:27 -0400

In this article, Mayo Clinic health education outreach coordinator Angela Lunde offers practical advice on diffusing anger in those with dementia. Lunde explains that whether a person has dementia or not, to feel in control is an important human need. Telling the person with dementia (or anybody) that they “can’t” do something may worsen a situation and increase agitation. Instead of taking away control when a person is agitated, Lunde suggests a three step process to approaching the situation: validating feelings, joining the agenda, and redirecting. Validation is an important step, Lunde explains, as it ensures that the person with dementia feels heard and respected. Joining the agenda and trying to understand what is causing the distress is another important step. Finally, distraction and redirection may help calm the distress in the moment.

EDUCATION PROTECTS

Tue, 27 Jul 2010 12:24:39 -0400

According to a UK and Finnish research team, a higher education may ward off the physical effects of dementia. In the study, participants who had continued onto university or college showed fewer symptoms compared to those with less education but the same level of neurological damage. Prior research has shown that higher education is associated with fewer symptoms of dementia – however whether this difference is caused by physical protection from the brain changes or differences in coping with the brain changes has been unclear. This new study shows that those with a higher education show fewer symptoms with the same level of damage to the brain. As explained by Dr. Hanna Keage, from Cambridge University, “Previous research has shown that there is not a one-to-one relationship between being diagnosed with dementia during life and changes seen in the brain at death. One person may show lots of pathology in their brain while another shows very little, yet both may have had dementia.” Professor Carol Brayne of Cambridge University speaks to the importance of this new research, “this study provides strong support for investment in early life factors which should have an impact on society and the whole lifespan. This is hugely relevant to policy decisions about the importance of resource allocation between health and education."

CYCLING FOR DEMENTIA

Tue, 27 Jul 2010 12:23:53 -0400

Ian Whatley and Ben Love have taken on a huge challenge this summer to raise funds for research on Alzheimer’s disease. The two University of Guelph students are cycling across the country. From their start in Victoria, British Columbia to their final stop in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the two will be covering around 7,000 kilometres in nine weeks. Whatley explains: “it will be a daily challenge, but it will be a case of mind over matter, taking one day at a time, or one peddle at a time as the case may be”. The two aim to raise $25,000 for the Alzheimer Society Research Program. Whatley has experienced the impact of Alzheimer’s disease first hand -- his grandparents on both sides have struggled with the disease. The two classmates have a website (http://www.acrossthenation.ca/) where visitors can follow their progress, read about their journey, and donate to the Alzheimer Society of Canada.

PROVEN FITNESS

Tue, 20 Jul 2010 10:43:19 -0400

A commercially available brain fitness program has been proven to improve short-term working memory in older adults. Testing of the program completed at the University of California San Francisco measured mental performance and changes in neural activity. Ten hours of training with the program improved perceptual abilities and boosted accuracy of visual working memory by ten percent. Neural activity also changed after training; areas of the brain involved in visual processing showed lower levels of activity, meaning the brain did not have to work as hard to process the information. According to senior author of the research Dr. Adam Gazzaley “this confirms our understanding that the brains of older adults, like those of young people, are 'plastic' – the brain can change in response to focused training”. The tested brain fitness program is a visual brain fitness program from Posit Science.

PASS ON THE SUPPLEMENTS, EAT LEAFY GREENS

Tue, 20 Jul 2010 10:42:52 -0400

Globe and Mail nutrition expert Leslie Beck explains that getting your vitamin E in supplement form may not be as effective and incorporating vitamin E rich foods into your daily diet. A recent study called the the Rotterdam Study studied the link between vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene and flavonoids and the risk of developing dementia. Findings revealed that those who had a diet rich in vitamin E were 26% less likely to develop dementia. These results echo earlier findings of the importance of vitamin E in protecting brain health. While it may be tempting to head for the vitamin aisle, Beck explains that supplements may not be as effective as foods rich in vitamin E. Clinical trials have shown that vitamin E supplements do not protect against Alzheimer’s disease. Beck recommends incorporating a variety of nutrient rich foods into your daily diet. Foods rich in vitamin E include: vegetable oils, margarine, nuts, seeds, wheat germ and leafy green vegetables.

BIGGER HEAD OFFERS PROTECTION

Tue, 20 Jul 2010 10:42:16 -0400

A larger head may offer protection against Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. According to a team of researchers out of Munich University, a larger brain has a greater buffer against brain cell death and damage. As part of their recent study, 270 persons living with Alzheimer’s disease across Canada, the US, Germany, and Greece took a number of memory and cognitive tests. Results showed that those who had larger heads showed better memory and cognitive skills. An extra centimetre of head size showed a 6% greater score on a memory test for every 1% of brain cell death. Greater brain and head size is partly determined by genetics and partly determined by proper nutrition early in life. As put by Dr. Simon Ridley, head of research for the Alzheimer’s Research Trust, “...we should look after our brain from day one.”

CHANGING CRITERIA

Tue, 20 Jul 2010 10:41:42 -0400

For the first time in 25 years, the criteria used by doctors to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease may be undergoing changes. Proposed changes to the diagnostic criteria were prepared by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association in the U.S. at the International Alzheimer’s Conference in Hawaii earlier this week. Unlike previous diagnostic criteria, the new changes make use of new technologies such as brain scans and spinal taps to detect the disease even before memory impairments. The proposed changes set out criteria for three stages of the illness: preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, and Alzheimer’s dementia. Canadian neurologist Dr. Serge Gauthier who helped in the development of the new changes explains, “this is serious. This is the first time governments … are in agreement to treat people with symptoms before dementia. It’s a better change to arrest the disease”. In response to the proposed changes, the Alzheimer’s Society of Canada has established a taskforce to examine what it would mean financially, legally, and to our health care system to adopt these new changes in Canada.

HOLY GRAIL

Tue, 13 Jul 2010 10:29:59 -0400

A blood test capable of predicting Alzheimer’s disease 10 years before the development of symptoms may be closer to reality. Scientists of the Institute of Psychiatry at King’s College have discovered that a particular protein may act as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease. This means that high levels of a protein cluster called clusterin may predict later development of the disease. A blood test capable of making such predictions would allow for early treatment and lifestyle adaptations. According to chief executive of the Alzheimer’s Research Trust Rebecca Wood, “a simple blood test for detecting Alzheimer’s has long been the holy grail for dementia researchers and these new findings edge us closer in the search”. Researchers analyzed blood samples taken from 300 people. By comparing the blood of those with Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairments, or normal brain function, the researchers determined that levels of clusterin were linked to memory decline. Those with higher levels of clusterin experienced more severe memory loss and steeper rate of decline. More work needs to be done to replicate and refine this work, but the discovery marks a step forward.

ROLE OF DIET AND EXERCISE

Tue, 13 Jul 2010 10:29:20 -0400

The role of physical activity and diet in maintaining cognitive abilities and reducing the risk of dementia was supported by three large scale studies presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease 2010 (AAICAD 2010) in Honolulu, HI. The Framingham Study has followed participants in the town of Framingham, Massachusetts since 1948. Researcher Zaldy Tan and colleagues have analyzed the extensive data set and concluded that those who performed moderate to heavy levels of physical activity had a 40% lower risk of developing dementia later in life. This effect was more pronounced in males. The effect of tea and coffee on maintenance of cognitive abilities was examined by Lenore Arab and colleagues at UCLA. The researchers examined data from a 14 year Cardiovascular Health Study with participants over the age of 65. Results showed that tea consumption at a variety of levels had significantly less decline. Coffee showed an effect only at very high levels of consumption where it was associated with less cognitive decline. The third long term study was conducted by David Llewellyn and colleagues at the University of Exeter Peninsula Medical School (UK). Researchers looked at data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). They found support for the role of Vitamin D in maintaining cognitive abilities. Taken together these three large scale, long-term studies provide impressive support for the role of lifestyle choices in protecting against cognitive decline.

SPREADING THE KNOWLEDGE

Tue, 13 Jul 2010 10:29:10 -0400

A new resource connecting the public with the latest in Alzheimer’s disease research was announced at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease 2010. This new resource is a website called the Alzheimer’s Association “Resource Centre”. The website offers the public a variety of resources, including summaries on the current state of research and the latest news and developments. The design of the website is very user friendly and combines clear text, rich visuals, and appropriate language for the general public. Angela Geiger, Chief Strategy Officer at the Alzheimer's Association, explains “As I travel the country and talk to people whose families are affected by Alzheimer's disease, and as I read my daily e-mails, it is strikingly apparent that a wide range of people are genuinely interested in learning about what's happening in Alzheimer's science and when the next breakthroughs are going to come. The Alzheimer's Association is exploring innovative ways to advance research and also to engage and educate all kinds of people. This new website is an extension of this ever-expanding effort”. For more information, you can visit the Resource Centre website at: http://www.alz.org/research/.

VITAMIN BENEFITS

Tue, 6 Jul 2010 08:59:46 -0400

A new study suggests that adequate amounts of vitamin E may be key in the lowering the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease revels that high levels of certain vitamin E compounds correspond with a 45-54 percent lowered risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers followed 232 people over the age of 80 for a period of six years. Of the 232 participants, 57 people developed dementia. Vitamin E is found in foods like nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. While these findings are impressive, the Alzheimer’s Society stresses that because of the small sample and limited scope of the study, we cannot generalize these findings yet. More research will need to be done before we have a definitive answer on the benefits of vitamin E.

TESTING THE TESTS

Tue, 6 Jul 2010 08:59:10 -0400

Susan M. Landau and her colleagues have made progress in determining the most effective way to predict the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. As a part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the study compared different tests in predicting Alzheimer’s disease. The tests included an episodic memory test, PET and MRI brain scans, and the measurement of different proteins important in Alzheimer’s disease. Eighty-five Canadian and American participants with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) took part in the study. When researchers compared the different tests, the two that stood out as the best predictors were the PET scan and the episodic memory test. Participants who showed abnormal results on the PET scans and episodic memory tests were 12 times more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease compared to those who scored normally on these measures.

BEST FRIEND APPROACH

Tue, 6 Jul 2010 08:58:29 -0400

Virginia Bell and David Troxel set out to establish a new approach for care partners to adopt when supporting a person with dementia. The Best Friends Approach (TM) was created to provide care partners with a simple and easily applied approach to care. As part of the new approach, Bell and Troxel have release The Best Friends Bill of Rights. As Troxel explains, “we have established a Best Friends Bill of Rights because often times people don't know how to go about caring for someone in a way that provides the best results. With our Bill of Rights it makes it easier to understand what should be incorporated into everyday life, and what can be expected. It takes the mystery out of big questions like 'what should I do, and how shall I handle this?” The Best Friends Bill of Rights states that every person diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementia has the following rights: to have appropriate ongoing medical care; to be productive in work and play as long as possible; to be treated like an adult, not a child; to have expressed feelings taken seriously; to be free from psychotropic medications if at all possible; to live in a safe, structured and predictable environment; to enjoy meaningful activities to fill each day; to be out-of-doors on a regular basis; to have physical contact including hugging, caressing, and hand holding; to be with persons who know one’s life story, including cultural and religious traditions; and to be cared for by individuals well-trained in dementia care. For more information on the Best Friends Approach, please visit http://www.bestfriendsapproach.com/.

HEALTHY HABITS

Tue, 6 Jul 2010 08:57:39 -0400

A large scale study of over 9,000 women has found support for the role of physical activity in preventing later development of dementia. Researchers from the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Canada studied the exercise habits of participants in their teens, 30s, 50s, and “twilight” years. While any physical activity was associated with reduced risk for dementia, results showed that exercise during the teen years was especially important in lowering the risk for dementia. Those who were not active in their teenage years should not feel discouraged, according to researchers. Participants who began exercising in their 30s and 50s still showed reduced risk of developing cognitive impairments. Laura Middleton, lead author writes “to minimize the risk of dementia, physical activity should be encouraged from early life. Not to be without hope, people who were inactive at teenage can reduce their risk of cognitive impairment by becoming active in later life”.

OPT FOR APPLE JUICE

Thu, 24 Jun 2010 16:29:30 -0400

According to a study published in the American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, apple juice may be a smart beverage choice for people in the moderate to late stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The study tested the impact of consuming apple juice for people with dementia living in long term care. Participants assigned to the test condition drank two 4-oz glasses of apple juice each day. Results showed that those people in the test condition (apple juice) showed a 27% improvement in anxiety, agitation, and delusions as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. According to the Massachusetts researchers, this study proves that a nutritional diet high in fruits and vegetables is especially important for people in the later stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

THE CARE JOURNEY

Thu, 24 Jun 2010 16:28:46 -0400

An estimated 3 million Canadian adults are currently caring for ill family members. Ian Gardner is well acquainted with the joys and challenges of caring for older relatives; he has spent the past few years helping his mother and father-in-law with their daily challenges. Gardner was inspired to create a website (mycarejourney.com) to help other baby boomers who are currently navigating through the caregiving journey. The website is part an information guide and part a social networking site. As Gardner explains, “sharing stories and experiences and insights and personal support can make that journey seem less lonely”. The website offers visitors a space to share their experiences strategies to help deal with the challenges of caring for an aging relative. As Gardner says “I think this is a place where you can leave guilt at the door because you're there trying to just do the best job you can.”

CELEBRATING EXCELLENCE

Thu, 24 Jun 2010 16:28:13 -0400

The 25th anniversary of the Alzheimer Society of Sault Ste. Marie and Algoma District was marked with the introduction of a new award to help recognize important contributions to the Alzheimer Society. The Founder’s Award was announced at this year’s Annual General Meeting on June 17th 2010 and will be an annual part of the General Meeting. The first recipient of the Founder’s Award is Valerie St. Jean of Elliot Lake. Valerie St. Jean is a housekeeper at St. Joseph’s Manor in Elliot Lake. She has been a dedicated member of the staff since St. Joseph’s first opened its doors seven and a half years ago. Her dedication and contributions have helped to shape a supportive environment at St. Joseph’s Manor. For more information on the new award, please contact the Alzheimer Society of Sault Ste. Marie and Algoma District at (705) 942-2195.

BEHIND THE WHEEL

Thu, 24 Jun 2010 16:28:09 -0400

A standardized driver screening tool that has been a decade in development will be peer-reviewed in the Journal of Primary Care and Community Health later this month. The SIMARD-MD is a five-minute pen and paper test that helps to determine whether or not a person with cognitive or memory impairments if fit to drive. The test assesses four abilities important for driving: memory, attention, judgment and decision-making. The B.C. government along with the B.C. Medical Association is set to pilot the new test shortly. The hope is that this tool will help standardize and simplify the assessment process. Bonnie Dobbs, associate professor of family medicine at the University of Alberta explains that “physicians are well situated to identify medically at-risk drivers, but the lack of valid tools has hampered their ability to determine with greater accuracy which of their patients with cognitive impairment may be at-risk for declines in driving competency and which ones are safe to continue driving.” Across Canada, in seven provinces and all three territories physicians are legally required to report unfit drivers to the licensing authorities. This tool will help physicians make accurate and consistent assessments.

MAKING ARTISTIC MEMORIES

Tue, 15 Jun 2010 10:34:04 -0400

The Alzheimer’s Society of Thunder Bay in partnership with Jasper Place, The Manor House and local artist Etta Novak are pleased to present the start of Making Memories, an intergenerational art program. Making Memories brings youth and older adults with memory loss together to create artwork. Alison Denton, Executive Director of the Alzheimer’s Society of Thunder Bay explains “creating art together has such a great unifying effect between people of different generations. It encourages people to communicate and to learn from each other”. The program includes Saturday afternoon sessions from June 12th and runs until July 3rd. Art projects completed in the sessions will be on display in the Jasper Place.

SETTING STANDARDS

Tue, 15 Jun 2010 10:04:26 -0400

Representatives from the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) have signed an agreement with representatives from the United Kingdom and Germany in support of global standards for research on Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In a joint statement, the representatives stated that “the lack of common standards so far has made it difficult for researchers to compare and validate research results”. The CIHR, the German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the U.K. Medical Research Council will each contribute $1.26 million to help fund the development of these global standards. Dr. Rémi Quirion is the executive director of the International Collaborative Research Strategy for Alzheimer's disease at CIHR. Quirion explains that “we firmly believe it will require a concerted global research effort to better understand these disorders, improve diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately find a cure for diseases that affect millions of people”.

ENRICHING MINDS

Tue, 15 Jun 2010 10:04:18 -0400

The University of Regina is offering local seniors an opportunity to improve brain fitness. The Brain Fitness and Enrichment class is offered through the University of Regina’s Senior Education Centre. Currently 32 adults ranging in age from 52 to 90 years old are taking part in the new program. The course focuses on brain activities to help improve memory and slow the cognitive decline that often accompanies aging. Holly Bardutz, a University of Regina neurolinguistics professor and instructor of the Brian Fitness class, explains that maintaining cognitive fitness requires more than daily crossword puzzles. As Bardutz explains, “while that might make you good at doing puzzles, it won't help all your other cognitive functions”. Variety is important in any brain fitness regime. As part of the class, participants do a variety of tasks from painting to written exercises. Improved brain fitness is important for adults of all ages and research continues to uncover new benefits of a sharp mind.

SETTING PRIORITIES

Tue, 8 Jun 2010 13:05:41 -0400

In this New York Times editorial piece, six experts weigh in on the changes to social policies and practices needed to meet increasing number of older adults with dementia. The experts emphasized the importance of support for informal caregivers. Wendy Max, professor of health economics explains, “we could save public and private resources and disrupt the lives of our seniors less by providing the services and respite programs that would allow more care to be provided at home”. Support for caregivers needs to extend beyond financial resources, as professor of psychiatry Richard Schulz states. “We need to develop a deeper understanding of what causes distress in care giving and how best to help the caregiver,” explains Schulz. In addition to support for informal caregivers, the panel of experts emphasizes the need for more formal training for professionals and continued research on all fronts.

FIGHTING HELPLESSNESS

Tue, 8 Jun 2010 13:05:06 -0400

Watching her grandmother’s progressing Alzheimer’s disease left Montreal eight-year old Sarah Goldin and family feeling helpless. At her mother’s suggestion, Sarah decided there was something she could do to help those like her grandmother. As Sarah’s mother Laura Fish explains “I said that we can raise money, for doctors to do research”. Sarah and her mother organized a book sale to help raise funds for research. Local residents donated books to be sold at the event and the family advertised locally. The event raised an impressive $3,000 that went to The McGill Centre for Studies in Aging. Leftover books were donated to the Jewish General Hospital.

MYSTERY SOLVED

Tue, 8 Jun 2010 13:04:25 -0400

Agatha Christie was likely in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease when she wrote her final books. After years of speculation about the poorly received end to the Poirot series, scholars are now able to explain the change in vocabulary, plot and word use. Canadian-based Professor Ian Lancashire carefully analysed 16 of Christie’s work using a University of Toronto computer program to assess changes in vocabulary. As Lancashire explains, “although she was never assessed for dementia, her last novels reveal an inability to create a crime solvable by clue-detection, according to the rules of the genre she helped create”. Lancashire believes that Christie was aware of her own memory lapses as her final Poirot mystery features an older female character struggling with memory loss as she tries to help the detective solve a cold case. Lancashire sees this discovery as further proof to the great writer Agatha Christie truly was. He explains, “the idea that she would keep writing, even as this was happening to her, struck me as heroic”.

THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME

Tue, 8 Jun 2010 13:04:18 -0400

Ottawa resident Lise Cloutier-Steele understands the challenges families face when turning to long term care. As her father’s Alzheimer’s disease progressed, Cloutier-Steele knew it was important to do her research in finding the best care possible. After her father entered his new home, Cloutier-Steele learned that her work in ensuring the best care possible was not finished. As she writes in her book titled “There’s No Place Like Home”, Cloutier-Steele became an advocate for her father and maintains and active role in his care. In writing her book, Cloutier-Steele hopes to spread awareness of the importance of advocating for family members needs after they have entered a long term care facility. She hopes other families will be able to benefit from the insight she has gained along the way. In addition to day-to-day experiences and reflections, Cloutier-Steele has provided a number of helpful checklists and tips. For more information on “There’s No Place Like Home”, please visit: www.ottawa caregiver.com.

A CASE FOR EDUCATION

Tue, 1 Jun 2010 09:46:59 -0400

A study out of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden published earlier this week reveals more about the role education plays in the development of dementia. Researchers discovered that education both delays the onset and slows the progression of dementia. Unlike earlier studies that focused on the role of education in late stages of the disease, this study pays attention to the early stages of dementia. As scientist Sindre Rolstad explains, “we wanted to find out whether highly educated patients with mild cognitive impairment differed in terms of tolerance of the disease from patients with intermediate and low levels of education”. Among participants who went on to develop dementia, those who were more highly educated showed higher levels of the disease in the brain while exhibiting the same symptoms as those with lower levels of education and lower levels of the disease in the brain. In other words, those with higher education were more ‘tolerant’ of the disease. For those who did not go on to develop dementia, participants who were more highly educated showed better nerve functioning compared to those with lower levels of education. While more research needs to be done, this set of findings makes an interesting case for the role of educational background in slowing the progress of dementia.

CONSULTING THE EXPERTS

Tue, 1 Jun 2010 09:46:24 -0400

As her mother’s dementia progressed, Maria Freda needed a helping hand in navigated through the many choice she and her mother had to make. As Freda explained, “I didn’t know what to do, where to turn or what was the best option. One of the social workers at the emerg gave me a nice big book on retirement homes in Ontario and said, ‘this may make the decision easier.’ But I didn’t know any of these places. I didn’t want to abandon my mother. I almost had a nervous breakdown”. Like a growing number of Canadians, Freda and her mother turned to a geriatric care consultant for help. As Freda and her mother discovered, geriatric care consultants are able to help advice families on care planning and link people with important resources. As consultant Jill O’Donnell explains, many people are turning to geriatric care consultants for highly customized plans and services. These professionals can provide an alternative to the public-sector social workers and CCAC staff who are often faced with a number of cases at the same time. For Maria Freda and her mother, the helping hand of a geriatric care consultant was an important source of support and information in navigating through a difficult time.

THERAPEUTIC FLOWERS

Tue, 1 Jun 2010 09:46:04 -0400

This weekend marked the 2010 Public Opening of the Anderton Therapeutic Gardens. The Anderton Gardens are part of a unique volunteer project housed in Comox, British Columbia. The project was first launched in 1996 when Bill and Joy Georgeson first realized their vision of a working community garden that also featured therapeutic and healing design. Today the project features a Butterfly Garden, a Rose Garden featuring over 30 varieties of roses and a wheelchair-friendly route called the Alzheimer’s Loop. The route also offers handrails and is fully accessible to community members of all ages. The Enabling garden features raised beds for ease of access. The Anderton Therapeutic Gardens is open to the public seven days a week from 10am – 4pm.

JAVA JOLT

Tue, 25 May 2010 16:48:48 -0400

While coffee is considered a bad habit to some, research suggests that the caffeinated beverage may help slow cognitive decline in those with dementia. A supplemental issue of the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease highlights important findings connecting coffee and brain functioning. For the purpose of this special issue, a group of international experts was assembled to evaluate a number of studies. The special issue features key findings in animal and epidemiological studies. For a free copy of the special issue of the Journal of Alzheimer`s Disease, please visit: http://iospress.metapress.com/content/t13614762731/.

WORRYING WAISTS

Tue, 25 May 2010 16:48:16 -0400

Carrying extra belly weight may increase the risk of developing dementia later in life, reports a team of Boston researchers. In their study, Sudha Seshadri and her colleagues discover that visceral fat, or deep belly fat, impacts the brain in middle aged adults. Researchers discovered that among participants, a higher level of visceral fat was linked to smaller brain size. As Dr. Seshadri explains, "smaller brain volume is associated with poor cognitive function on testing and a greater risk of dementia on follow-up." Abdominal fat is considered a more dangerous fat compared to, for example, fat carried on the hips. Abdominal is more “metabolically active” meaning it releases more acids that contribute to higher blood pressure and the risk of heart disease. More work needs to be done, but this finding supports the importance of a healthy lifestyle in lowering the risk of dementia.

FORGET EVERYTHING YOU KNEW

Tue, 25 May 2010 16:48:10 -0400

The Alzheimer Society of Canada is asking Canadians to “forget everything you know” about Alzheimer’s disease. The new campaign aims to dispel common misconceptions and promote advanced understanding through research. Specifically, the campaign will try to inform the public about three key pieces of information: Alzheimer’s disease is not just an elderly disease, it is not just about forgetfulness, and it is fatal. The campaign will also promote the role of scientific research in moving towards a cure. As Dr. Jack Diamond, Scientific Director of the Alzheimer Society of Canada, explains “this campaign will shine light on the need for research to ultimately end this disease, so that people living with it today will have confidence that their children and grandchildren will not have to endure its devastation”.

CULTURALLY RELEVANT

Tue, 25 May 2010 16:47:30 -0400

Joel Abram, chief of the Oneida Nations of the Thames, witnessed the importance of the First Nations First Link program when his aunt began showing signs of early onset Alzheimer’s disease. The First Nations First Link program was able to provide Abram and his family with important information and support in a culturally appropriate way. The program is a collaborative effort between the Alzheimer Society London and Middlesex and Oneida Nation of the Thames. It aims to provide members of First Nations communities with culturally relevant diagnostic testing, information, and support. For example, public education coordinator Robin Shawanoo has helped modify a screening tool intended to help detect mild cognitive impairments. Instead of having people identify a lion, a rhinoceros, or a camel as appears in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool (MoCA), the modified test asks people to identify a bear, wolf, or turtle. Counselling techniques also incorporate elements of spirituality and assessments are done in a person’s home instead of a hospital. This program continues to grow and represents an step forward in culturally relevant dementia care.

VANILLA AND PICKLES

Tue, 18 May 2010 08:39:33 -0400

People living with dementia may experience changes in their ability to taste, reports a new study out of Washington University and City University London. Researchers focused on the tasting abilities of people with semantic dementia, also known as Pick’s disease. For the study, participants tasted a number of jelly beans and were asked to discriminate between flavours and rate the appropriateness of different jelly bean combinations. Compared to healthy participants, those with semantic dementia had more trouble identifying different flavours and rating the appropriateness of flavour combinations like vanilla and pickle. Researchers report, however, that the people with semantic dementia were able to discriminate the flavours normally and say if certain combinations were pleasant or not. This research marks an important step in understanding how dementia impacts food preferences and tasting abilities.

MUSICAL MEMORIES

Tue, 18 May 2010 08:38:53 -0400

A recent study out of the Boston University School of Medicine suggest that music may help persons living with Alzheimer’s disease remember new information. Researchers presented spoken lyrics or sung lyrics (with musical accompaniment) to study participants with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy control participants. After the learning stage, participants completed a test stage where they indicated whether or not they were familiar with the different lyrics. Results showed that for those with Alzheimer’s disease, sung lyrics were better recognized in the test phase. This effect did not show for the healthy controls. Senior author Brandon Ally explains, “our results confirmed our hypothesis that patients with Alzheimer’s disease performed better on a task of recognition memory for the lyrics of songs when those lyrics were accompanied by a sung recording than when they were accompanied by a spoken recording.” Understanding music processing in those with dementia may pave the way to new and improved therapies.

FIDDLEHEADS

Tue, 18 May 2010 08:38:16 -0400

Research scientists out of Nova Scotia are singing the praise of fiddleheads and suggesting that the ferns be grown commercially in Canada. New research reveals that fiddleheads contain even more antioxidants than blueberries. John DeLong, of Agriculture Canada explains “when we tested the activity, we found that they were twice as strong as blueberries with regard to this antioxidant activity. We didn't expect that, that was very surprising to us.” Antioxidants are important in maintaining optimal health. Previous research has found that antioxidants may help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and protect brain health. Fiddleheads also contain omega-3 fatty acid, which is normally only found in fish. Earlier research has shown that a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids may help to the slow accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain.

CANADA ATTRACTS EXCELLENCE

Tue, 18 May 2010 08:38:11 -0400

World renowned neuroscientist Adrian Owen will be bringing his research program from the University of Cambridge to the University of Western Ontario. Owen has been named a Canadian Excellence Research Chair (CERC) and will be awarded $ 10 million to fund his research. His upcoming work will focus on cognitive difficulties (thinking, perceiving, and reasoning problems) in patients with neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and ALS. As Western president Amit Chakma explains, “Adrian Owen's recruitment further strengthens an established core of scientists at Western who have a global reputation for excellence and major breakthroughs in cognitive neuroscience and imaging". Attracting Owen through the CERC program will help put Canada on the map as a world leader in exciting scientific research.

SPOUSAL RISKS

Tue, 11 May 2010 09:33:50 -0400

A study published earlier this week in the Journal of American Geriatrics Society found that older adults whose spouses have dementia are a higher risk for developing dementia themselves. While earlier studies have looked at other health problems in caregivers, this study is the first to investigate dementia in those caring for spouses with the disease. The study included 2,442 older adults (1,221 couples) without dementia who were followed for a period of 12 years to detect signs of the disease. Throughout the 12 year period, 125 cases of dementia in the man alone and 70 cases of dementia for the women alone occurred. For 30 couples, both spouses developed dementia. After factoring out possible confounds, researchers calculated the risk of developing dementia when a spouse had the disease. They found that having a spouse with dementia increased the risk 12-fold for men and 3.7-fold for women. Whether this effect is caused by caregiver stress or a shared environment is an important research question for the future.

TORONTO TOURNAMENT

Tue, 11 May 2010 09:33:13 -0400

This past weekend the Scotiabank Pro-Am Hockey Tournament took place in Toronto. Like the Edmonton Pro-Am tournament held earlier this year, the Toronto event was an enormous success, raising a total of $2.5 to fund research on Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, the money will go towards the Gordie & Colleen Howe Fund for Alzheimer's at Baycrest. The weekend’s events kicked off with a Draft Party on Friday night. Team captains chose from a number of hockey greats to play on their teams. Draft positions depended on the amount of money raised for each team. The top individual fundraiser Harry Lebovic raised $100,000 and was presented with the Gordie Howe Award. The money raised this weekend will aid in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease by funding important research. Mark Gryfe, Baycrest Foundation President explains, "the funds raised will benefit our local community as well as people around the world through the continuation of our research into the aging brain. Everyone involved in the event deserves a huge thank you."

AMORFIX LIFE SCIENCES

Tue, 11 May 2010 09:32:36 -0400

Earlier this week, Amorfix Life Sciences announced an important discovery. The company was able to detect an aggregated Beta-amyloid (ABeta) in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. The aggregated ABeta is considered to be the hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease and an important contributor to the brain dysfunction that accompanies the illness. Chief Scientific Officer of Amorfix Dr. Neil Cashman explains the importance of this discovery: “this milestone achievement represents the first time that aggregated ABeta has been measured in blood plasma from any animal model. This discovery provides an important new tool for understanding AD and will significantly accelerate the evaluation of novel treatments for the disease.” Amorfix will continue to work on developing an Alzheimer’s disease blood screening tool for humans. Such a tool would enable earlier detection and treatment of the disease. This discovery marks an important step in moving towards timely detection and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

WARNING LABEL

Tue, 11 May 2010 09:32:26 -0400

Health Canada has issued a warning for the Exelon patch sold by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc. The warning states that use of the drug has a risk of overdose, leading to nauseas, hypertension, slowed heart rate and possible death. The Exelon patch is used to treat mild to moderate symptoms of dementia. The warning comes after 129 cases of misuse worldwide, with three cases occurring in Canada. According to Health Canada Officials, problems occur when the Exelon patch is used incorrectly. To guard against overdose, officials recommend using the patch only as directed.

ANIMAL COMPANIONS

Tue, 4 May 2010 13:41:32 -0400

There are many physical, emotional, and psychological benefits to pet ownerships. From lowered blood pressure to improved mood, there are many known advantages of sharing life with a pet. This British Journal article highlights some interesting findings from a number of sources. For those living with Alzheimer’s disease, pets can be especially soothing. Researchers have found that gazing at brightly coloured fish can help to calm agitation among those with Alzheimer’s disease. According to clinical psychologist Jane Fossey, previous studies have found watching a fish improved the nutritional intake of persons living with Alzheimer’s disease by 21%. As Fossey explains, “sometimes, people can lose weight because of Alzheimer’s as it can mean they move around a lot or forget whether they have eaten. Watching the fish makes people more restful and therefore more likely to sit down and take time to eat.”

GENTLE CARE

Tue, 4 May 2010 13:41:02 -0400

Columnist Mary Gazetas’ life as a caregiver changed when she picked up the book Gentlecare: Changing the Experience of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Positive Way by Moyra Jones. Gazetas explains, “in a sense this book has become a companion that helps guide me through what is happening.” Walking the journey of Alzheimer’s disease alongside her husband Aristides has been difficult at times. Gazetas only discovered the Gentlecare book when her husband moved into a long term care facility. She found information she needed much earlier. Since reading the first page, Jones’ book has become Gazetas companion as her husband continues to progress in his illness. As she explains, the book helped Gazetas to focus on promoting her husband’s quality of life and dignity. Gazetas was able to interview the son of author Moyra Jones about the Gentlecare approach. Marc is continuing forth with the work his mother started 30 years ago. He described the importance of information for those diagnosed as well as an emphasis on positives and pro-active practices in caring for those in more advanced stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

PROVING PREVENTION

Tue, 4 May 2010 13:40:15 -0400

This past week a panel of experts convened by the U.S. National Institute of Health to discuss the effectiveness of different strategies in preventing Alzheimer’s disease. The panel included experts in geriatrics, neurology, psychiatry, human nutrition and nursing. The panel concluded that while prevention strategies such as crossword puzzles, diet, and exercise may promote health, there is not enough evidence to say they prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Martha Daviglus explained, “we wish we could tell people that taking a pill or doing a puzzle every day would prevent this terrible disease, but current evidence doesn't support this.” According to the panel, the public needs to understand that prevention strategies are only loosely associated with improved cognitive health. As research moves forward, we may see more conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of common prevention strategies. In the meantime, there is certainly no harm in maintaining a healthy diet, getting enough exercise and staying mentally active.

THE POWER OF BOOKS

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 11:28:33 -0400

Researchers have discovered the therapeutic benefits of books for those living with Alzheimer’s disease. It appears that books written for those with Alzheimer’s disease have a similar soothing effect as familiar music. Dr. Barry Reisberg, a professor of psychiatry and director of the Fisher Alzheimer’s program at New York University, explains that in earlier stages many literate persons with Alzheimer’s disease enjoy reading by themselves. At later stages, many people still enjoy listening to another read. Lydia Burdick can attest to the benefit of books. Inspired her mother’s journey with Alzheimer’s disease, Burdick has published three books for caregivers to read aloud. As Dr. Reisberg explained, books aimed at children may not be attractive or interesting for older adults with dementia. Burdick has ensured that her books include colourful pictures as well as clear and upbeat messages. For more information on Lydia Burdick’s books, please visit http://www.twolapbooks.com/.

CELL PHONE ASSESSMENT

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 11:27:51 -0400

The health consequences of cell phone use are often the subject of speculation but have yet to be examined in a rigorous, long term study. This is about to change with the launch of a large scale study that will include more than 250,000 people in five different countries and is expected to last for 30 years. Researchers will monitor the cell phone use and health of participants over this time period. The results will be looked at in three sections. After the first five years, researchers hope to answer questions about the physical costs of cell phone use. This will include measures of headaches, depression and quality of life. After ten years, researchers hope to have enough information to begin answering questions about the connection between cell phone use and different types of cancer. After 15 years, they will begin examining diseases of the brain, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Hopes are high that this study will provide scientific answers to some important questions; as principal investigator Dr. Mireille Toledano states, “it will be the gold standard”

BRAIN FITNESS DOUBTS

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 11:26:29 -0400

Brain training games may not be as beneficial as they claim. A British study of 11,000 adults found no support for the intelligence boosting claims of computerized cognitive training programs. In the online study, participants aged 18 to 60 played a computer game for 10 minutes a day, three times a week for at least six weeks. In one condition, the computerized tasks focused on reasoning, planning and problem-solving abilities. In a second condition, the computer task focused on short-term memory, attention, visuospatial abilities and math. In the third control condition, participants used the internet to answer specific questions. And the end of the study period, researchers found no IQ improvements, despite the training programs. Researcher Jessica A. Grahn explains that despite the computer program claims, “"there was still no translation to any general improvement in cognitive function”. While these results are disappointing for players in the brain fitness market, it is important to note that these results do not speak to those with dementia. We will likely see more research assessing the true benefits of the brain fitness market in years to come.

EARLY DIAGNOSIS

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 11:26:21 -0400

Signs of both Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease may appear long before any obvious symptoms. Doug Munoz of Queen’s University has found that those with Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease perform poorly on tests measuring fast eye movements called saccades. According to Dr. Munoz, performance on these tests worsens as the diseases progress. Dr. Munoz and his research team believe that the next step is to follow healthy participants as they age to spot any changes. In discussing the use of these tests to predict Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, Dr. Munoz is very hopeful. He states, “it really looks like using it as a biomarker to see something early is going to work. As the disease progresses, these measures get worse and worse, so we figure we can back it up”. This Canadian research team will continue to investigate the importance of saccade measurements in development of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

MIND IF I DO

Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:41:48 -0400

An Escondido-based company called Mind If I Do has released a new DVD to provide people living with Alzheimer's disease a relaxing form of entertainment. The DVD, titled Serenity Serenade, was created by Susan Berggren after she noticed the lack of calming entertainment for her grandmother and father-in-law who were both living with Alzheimer's disease. The complex plots, unfamiliar faces and loud commercials on most television shows caused her grandmother and father-in-law to become agitated. With help from her husband and brother-in-law, Berggren created a 30-minute DVD of nature scenes set to classical music. After creating the DVD, Berggren sent copies to people she knew, as well as care facilities in Canada and the United States. The feedback has been very positive. During a caregiver convention last year, the DVD was awarded with a Caregiver Friendly Award in the media category. For more information, visit http://mindifido.com.

LANGUAGE SKILLS

Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:40:54 -0400

York University professor Ellen Bialystok has been awarded the Killam Prize in recognition of her research on brain development and bilingualism. Of particular interest is Prof. Bialystok's finding that bilingualism may play a role in warding off the effects of dementia. More and more researchers are discovering the impact of experience on brain development and brain fitness. Prof. Bialystok explains, "the mind is much more flexible than we thought". Bialystok's work is part of a growing body of research into the cognitive reserve of brain function. The idea behind the cognitive reserve concept is that brain functioning can be improved by feeding the brain 'cognitive fuel' such as puzzles or, as in Bialystok's work, activities like learning a second language. Understanding the 'why' behind these findings is a next step for Bialystok's research.

GENETIC LINKS

Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:40:20 -0400

American researchers have discovered a new gene that appears to be linked to Alzheimer's disease. People with a specific gene variation nearly doubled their risk of developing the disease. This specific gene, MTHFD1L, plays a key role in controlling the amino acids in the bloodstream. It has also been linked to a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease. Understanding more about the genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease is an important step forward. While knowing the genetic basis does not cure the disease, it allows researchers to better understand how Alzheimer's disease develops. It also opens the door to early diagnosis, risk assessment, and possible intervention.

KEY COMBINATIONS

Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:39:40 -0400

The importance of diet in maintaining brain health continues to be a growing area of research. As nutritionist Leslie Beck explains, a new study published this week looks at the benefit of certain food combinations in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Researchers from Columbia University Medical Center in New York discovered a particular dietary pattern that seemed to protect against later development of the disease. In the study, participants who consumed more salad dressing, nuts, fish, chicken, tomatoes, fruit, cruciferous vegetables and leafy greens and less high fat dairy, red meats, organ meats and butter as part of their daily diets were 38% less likely to get Alzheimer's disease. There are a number of reasons this combination may be beneficial. Vitamin E, found in vegetable oils, almonds, peanuts, soybeans, wheat germ, avocado and green leafy vegetables, aids in protecting the brain from free radicals. Folate found in green vegetables, citrus fruit! and nuts helps to stabilize blood levels key amino acids. The healthy fats found in fish, salad dressing and nuts may reduce inflammation. Adopting a diet rich in these foods may pave the way to better overall health and may potentially lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

BEHIND THE WHEEL

Thu, 22 Apr 2010 15:39:28 -0400

The American Academy of Neurology has released new information about road safety when a person has dementia. Dr. Donald Iverson, lead author or the publication, explained that the aim of the new guideline is to help doctors properly identify who should not be driving, without taking away the keys from those who are still able to drive safely. Iverson has reviewed more than 6,000 studies on the topic and expressed how complex the issue can be. Older guidelines suggested that doctors should advise those newly diagnosed or in early stages of dementia not to drive. The new guidelines suggest that doctors talk to the patient and family about the fact that driving days are numbered. It is important to start the critical dialogue with the entire support unit as well as the person living with dementia. Research has shown that when family and loved ones believe that an older adult's driving has become unsafe, they are generally correct. The guideline also provides a list of warning signs that driving may be unsafe.

UNRAVELLING THE SCARF

Thu, 15 Apr 2010 16:12:33 -0400

This article provides an informative overview of some of the basics of Alzheimer's disease. Kristel Nicholas is a public education co-ordinator of the Belleville-Hastings-Quinte chapter of the Alzheimer's Society. She begins by explaining the difference between dementia and Alzheimer's disease, a distinction that is often confused. To help illustrate the difference, she uses the metaphor of an umbrella to represent dementia. "Underneath the umbrella," she explains, "all the little spokes that are coming down, those each represent a different type of dementia. So that's where the Alzheimer's disease would be - it would be one of those spokes along with some other common types of dementia, like vascular dementia, Pick's disease, Lewy body dementia - there's so many different kinds". Nicholas goes on to explain how Alzheimer's disease impacts the brain: plaques and tangles block important communication lines in the brain. As time goes on, the brain eventually shrinks and brain function decreases. To help illustrate the fading memory that is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, Nicholas describes the knitting of a scarf. We can think of creating memories throughout life as knitting rows of stitches. When someone is living with Alzheimer's disease, the knitting stops and eventually their scarf begins to unravel. Recent stitches (or memories) are lost first. Nicholas emphasizes the importance of accepting the person's reality, wherever he or she may be. As she explains, "no amount of arguing or reasoning or logic is going to bring them back. We need to jump in there with them and be with them in their reality". On April 29th, the seventh annual "In My Shoes" workshop will be held at Belleville's Banquet Hall Centre. The workshop aims to educate and assist persons with dementia and their loved ones.

HOCKEY TOURNAMENT A SUCCESS

Thu, 15 Apr 2010 16:10:56 -0400

Amateur hockey players flocked to Edmonton this past weekend for a chance to play against NHL greats. The Scotiabank Pro-Am for Alzheimer's was an enormous success this year. At the Friday night Draft Party, organizers announced that $1 million had been raised for the Gordie & Colleen Howe Fund for Alzheimer's disease. As Mark Gryfe, President of the Baycrest Foundation, explained "since Gordie Howe came to Edmonton to launch the Pro-Am last October, Edmontonians have responded with open arms and tremendous energy. We are extremely grateful for all they have done to 'Stick it to Alzheimer's'. Top individual fundraiser Michael Shayer was awarded the Gordie Howe Award in recognition of the $51,056 he was able to raise. The Gordie & Colleen Howe Fund will use the proceeds to support research initiatives at Baycrest and at the University of Alberta through the Alzheimer Society of Alberta & Northwest Territories.

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND DEPRESSION - IS THERE A LINK?

Thu, 15 Apr 2010 16:10:26 -0400

The Alzheimer Society of Saskatchewan has announced that Dr. Darrell Mousseau is the recipient of a Saskatchewan Research Chair worth $1 million over the next five years. University of Saskatchewan professor Dr. Mousseau and his colleagues are studying a possible link between Alzheimer's disease and depression. The team of researchers has discovered that an enzyme important in depression can also weaken brain cells. This may also possibly trigger the beginning phases of Alzheimer's disease. As Dr. Mousseau explains, "Depression doesn't necessarily cause more Alzheimer's disease, but what it does is it causes Alzheimer's disease to happen earlier". The research team will continue to examine this link and also look at the impact of antidepressants on younger adults.

HUMOUR HELPS

Thu, 15 Apr 2010 16:09:20 -0400

When Ray Lane was first diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, he told his wife Betty: "I wish there was something I could do for Alzheimer's disease, like Terry Fox did for cancer." After speaking those words, he appointed himself "the reigning knight of Alzheimer's land" and continued to face his disease with bravery and a sense of humour. While there were moments of despair, Ray maintained his sense of humour throughout his journey. One time, his family recall, after much frustration and trying, Ray successfully coordinated his fingers to tie a knot. In celebration, Ray yelled to his wife "I'm cured! I'm cured!" After he passed away in 2001, Ray's family decided to reach out to others and spread his story. His wife Betty has written a book about her husband's experience titled "Treasure the Journey, Living with Alzheimer's disease". His daughter Heather Lane-Vetere, spoke at The Changing Melody conference on April 10th in St. Catherine's. The event was hosted by the Alzheime! r Societies of Brant, Haldimand-Norfolk, Hamilton and Halton, and Niagara. The conference offered an open forum for people living with dementia and their partners in care to share experiences.

RATE OF COGNITIVE DECLINE

Thu, 15 Apr 2010 11:45:41 -0400

The rate of cognitive decline may be an important factor in differentiating Alzheimer’s disease from mild cognitive impairments. A study published in the March 23rd issue of Neurology raised important findings in the area of cognitive decline. According to the team of researchers from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, the rate of decline for those with mild cognitive impairments is twice as fast as those with no cognitive problems. In Alzheimer’s disease, this decline occurs four times as fast as those with normal cognitive functioning. Researchers report that “while mild cognitive impairment and dementia clearly exist on a continuum, the accelerating cognitive deterioration in dementia is highly relevant to clinicians counselling patients and families with dementia.” The cognitive decline occurs as different areas of the brain begin to atrophy due to the disease. Understanding the progression of the illness is an important step in early diagnosis and treatment.

THE 10 BY 20 PLAN

Wed, 31 Mar 2010 12:20:24 -0400

In light of the predictions of the Rising Tide Report, The Alzheimer Society of Ontario is asking that the provincial government make an action plan to cope with the rise of dementia. The Rising Tide Report, published in January of this year, predicted a drastic rise in the number of Canadians living with dementia in the years to come. Alongside the rising numbers, comes a heavy financial burden. On Wednesday, March 24th, the Alzheimer Society of Ontario released a proposed action plan titled “10 by 20”. The plan consists of ten steps to be taken in the next decade to help Ontario meet the rising tide of dementia. The plan focuses on five core areas for action: brain health; early diagnosis and intervention; caregiver support; improved training in healthcare and social services and prioritizing dementia care on a provincial level and on a national level. To download the 10 by 20: Ontario action plan for dementia, please visit www.alzheimerontario.org.

BRAIN HEALTH TIPS

Wed, 31 Mar 2010 12:20:25 -0400

This Vancouver Sun article offers practical tips for maintain brain health throughout life. First of all, the article highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy blood pressure. Even before dementia appears, high blood pressure appears to impact the brain. High blood pressure creates microscopic scaring in the brain that seems to impact blood supply to nerve networks. To guard against this danger, it is advisable to keep blood pressure below 115/76. As a second strategy, the writer suggests keeping watch of eye health. In one research study, people who visited an ophthalmologist were 64% less likely to develop dementia. As a third strategy, it is important to get help for depression. In one study, researchers found that a bout of serious depression doubles the risk of developing dementia. Finally, the writer suggests playing games to help keep the mind active and the brain functioning.

CURLING FOR A CURE

Wed, 31 Mar 2010 12:20:26 -0400

Curlers took to the rink last week to join the fight against Alzheimer’s disease. The 11th annual Curl for Memories Bonspiel at the Welland Curling Club raised over $15,000 in support of the Alzheimer Society of Niagara. Professional curlers Marilyn Bodough, Gloria Campbell and Anne Dunn took part in the fundraising event. An entry fee of $35 per person allowed spectators to watch the professionals in action. Marilyn Bodough, a former women's world curling champion, was especially pleased to join the cause; her own family has been touched by Alzheimer’s disease. Bodough offered an individual curling lesson for the top pledge toward the Alzheimer Society.